Highly Stretchable Transistors Using a Microcracked Organic Semiconductor

Chortos, Alex; Lim, Joshua; To, John W. F.; Vosgueritchian, Michael; Dusseault, Thomas J.; Kim, Sang Woo; Hwang, Sungwoo; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1002/adma.201305462

Cited by 212 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The devices are stretchable to 100% strain and exhibit programmable characteristics, allowing strain-independent device operation after an initial conditioning strain cycle. [ 23,25 ] Subsequently, the devices maintain constant performance for 1000 stretching cycles.A variety of materials have been explored as the electrical components in stretchable electronics, [ 1 ] including polymers, [26][27][28][29][30] CNTs, [ 16,20,22,25 ] metal nanostructures, [31][32][33][34] and liquid metals. [ 17,23,35,36 ] Plastic materials, such as organic semiconductors and metal thin fi lms, often exhibit continuous plastic deformation with repeated strain cycles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanically Durable and Highly Stretchable Transistors Employing Carbon Nanotube Semiconductor and Electrodes

et al. 2015

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Mechanically durable stretchable trans-istors are fabricated using carbon nanotube electrical components and tough thermoplastic elastomers. After an initial conditioning step, the electrical characteristics remain constant with strain. The strain-dependent characteristics are similar in orthogonal stretching directions. Devices can be impacted with a hammer and punctured with a needle while remaining functional and stretchable.

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Mechanically Durable and Highly Stretchable Transistors Employing Carbon Nanotube Semiconductor and Electrodes

et al. 2015

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“…36 (b) Stretchable organic thin-fi lm transistor employing a microcracked semiconducting layer and carbon nanotube electrodes. 19 (c) Optical micrographs showing dramatic suppression of cracks in organic bulk heterojunction fi lm poly(3-heptylthiophene) [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (P3HpT:PCBM) stretched to 50% when encapsulated with thermoplastic polyurethane. 29 (d) (i-iv) Finite element model highlighting the role of lamination (to the substrate) and encapsulation on the localization of strain and subsequent spreading of cracks in conjugated polymer fi lms.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…18 Organic semiconductor fi lms can remain functional in thin-fi lm transistors even if they contain a large density of cracks (as long as the fi lm retains an uninterrupted pathway for charge carriers). 19 A new strategy relies on the intrinsic stretchability of the organic material. This approach, called "intrinsically" 20 or "molecularly" 5 stretchable, does not require materials to be processed into buckles or nanowires ( Figure 1d ).…”

Section: Darren J Lipomi and Zhenan Bao Guest Editorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Kaltenbrunner et al have fabricated "imperceptible" organic electronic devices by fabricating them on ultrathin plastic foils. 13 Chortos et al have used intentionally cracked (but electrically contiguous) semiconductor fi lms 19 ( Figure 3b ), and Lee et al used another approach in which the semiconducting channel comprises a network of nanofi bers in a stretchable matrix. 8 We note the importance of encapsulation for improving the stability of fl exible and stretchable devices.…”

Section: Applications Of Stretchable and Ultrafl Exible Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stretchable and ultraflexible organic electronics

2017

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Five years ago, MRS Bulletin published a theme issue on the then-and still-burgeoning fi eld of stretchable and fl exible electronics. 1 The authors in that issue explored the mechanics of stretchable thin fi lms, 2 approaches to generating stretchable devices from otherwise rigid materials, 3 and a range of stretchable device components, from batteries to electronic eye cameras. 4 The topics in that issue refl ected the state of the art in the fi eld then, which was dominated by devices based on inorganic materials (e.g., metallic fi lms and semiconductor nanoribbons).A complementary approach to extreme deformability is based on organic conductors and semiconductors. 5 While the conductivity and transport properties of inorganic materials are superior to those of organics, the advantages of these molecular materials remain-oxide-free interfaces, fabrication by printing in a roll-to-roll manner, low cost, tailorability by synthesis, and intrinsic mechanical compliance.5 Deformability was one of the original goals of organic electronics, 6 but some of the best performing materials today remain stiff, and they crack at relatively low strains. Organic devices can be rendered stretchable in many of the same ways as can devices based on inorganic thin fi lms (e.g., using wavy, fractal, or relief features that direct strain away from the sensitive components).7 Other approaches that are applicable only to organics, however, give them a distinct advantage, such as the formation of fi bers to form elastic mats and the synthesis of materials whose molecular structure or solid-state packing structure permits extreme deformation. 8A suite of tools incorporating metrology, synthesis, and fabrication has recently emerged whose goal is to achieve the original dream of organic electronics-to combine state-of-the-art electronic performance with high deformability. This research is, at present, somewhat distinct from efforts in the fi eld to understand and to improve the electronic properties of organic semiconductors, though ultimately, the results of both spheres of inquiry must be merged. The authors of the articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin have made key contributions to developing stretchable new materials or stretchable forms of old ones, new techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of fragile thin fi lms, and new devices that exhibit unprecedented deformability. New materials and stretchable forms of old onesStretchable electronics had its beginnings in the 1990s with the work of Wagner, Suo, and others, who examined the mechanics of materials-principally metals-on fl exible and stretchable substrates.9 These materials adopted buckled, wavy, or fractured morphologies that accommodated tensile strains while retaining electronic functionality. 10 In an example of applying this approach to organic electronic materials, we have made stretchable organic solar cells by buckling the devices on elastic substrates.11 Bettinger and co-workers used a similar approach by producing the fi rst stretchable organic Stretcha...

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“…5 One critically important but challenging element to implement in a stretchable manner is the field-effect transistor (FET) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] -the fundamental basis for complex circuits. Thin-film percolating networks of electronic-type controlled semiconducting carbon nanotubes are highly intriguing options for the active channel of stretchable FETs due to the excellent mechanical resilience of individual nanotubes, 13 their possibility to accommodate large strain in thin-film form via nanotube-nanotube sliding and buckling, 14 and their exceptional charge transport properties.…”

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confidence: 99%