Highly Stretchable and Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS/Ionic Liquid Composite Transparent Electrodes for Solution-Processed Stretchable Electronics

Teo, Mei Ying; Kim, Nara; Kee, Seyoung; Kim, Bong Seong; Kim, Geunjin; Hong, Soon-Il; Jung, Sungyong; Lee, Kwanghee

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b11988

Cited by 204 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The addition of small molecule plasticizers can effectively decrease the interaction between polymer chains and increase the free volume, thereby lowering the elastic modulus and enhancing stretchability of the material. Commonly used plasticizers for PEDOT:PSS include xylitol, glycerol, Triton X‐100 (a nonionic surfactant derived from ethylene glycol), and ionic liquids (salts with a melting point below 100 °C) . The use of plasticizers allows PEDOT:PSS to be stretched to around 50%.…”

Section: Blending Pedot:pss With Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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The conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well‐known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility—a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin—toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular‐ or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large‐area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution‐processable printing techniques (e.g., roll‐to‐roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.

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Section: Blending Pedot:pss With Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

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“…In addition, the Young's modulus of PEDOT:PSS is considerably higher than most live tissues and recent reports reveal that PEDOT:PSS are vulnerable to strain (≈5–6% fracture strain), which can be a limitation for a variety of applications in bioelectronics and wearable devices. Incorporation of plasticizers, copolymers such as polyurethane or surfactants such as Triton have been done to improve the flexibility and stretchability of PEDOT:PSS films but there have not been many reports on their implementation in flexible or stretchable OECTs, possibly due to the challenges in ensuring good electronic and ionic transport while enhancing the mechanical properties at the same time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic‐Liquid Doping Enables High Transconductance, Fast Response Time, and High Ion Sensitivity in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

et al. 2018

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The use of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for various applications ranging from neuromorphic devices [1] to transducers for biological sensing, including detection of ions, [2,3] metabolites (such as glucose [4,5] ), DNA, [6] antibodyantigen interaction, [7] and cancer cells [8] has received significant attention in recent years. An OECT consists of a conjugated polymer channel in direct contact with an electrolyte, where the operation involves doping and dedoping of the conjugated polymer by reversible exchange of ions present in an electrolyte under the application of a very low gate voltage (V G < 1 V). The measured drain current (I D ) of the polymer channel between the source and drain contacts is therefore modulated through accumulation or depletion of charges throughout the bulk of the polymer. The corresponding transconductance (g m = ∂I D /∂V G ) is typically large (up to 2.0 mS for micrometer-scale devices [9] ), making OECTs an efficient ionto-electron transducers, capable of amplifying small chemical signals and with high signal-to-noise ratios. One important advantage of OECTs is that they can be fabricated from biocompatible organic materials, enabling an amiable interface with cells and tissues in aqueous environments (water-based electrolytes). [10] Also, their simple structure allows the potential for large-area and low-cost electronics through their facile fabrication processes such as printing and easy integration with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip applications. [11,12] The OECT transconductance, g m , is defined as follows: [13] µ ( )where d, W, and L are the thickness, width, and length of the channel respectively, µ is the carrier mobility, C* is the volumetric capacitance, and V th is the threshold voltage of the channel. In particular, the µC* figure of merit dictates the carrier and ionic transport and therefore affects the g m parameter. [14] In general, a good OECT channel material needs to have good electronic transport properties (high µ) and allows effective ion penetration from the electrolyte into active channel (high C*). The ability to have mixed ionic and electronic Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are highly attractive for applications ranging from circuit elements and neuromorphic devices to transducers for biological sensing, and the archetypal channel material is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS. The operation of OECTs involves the doping and dedoping of a conjugated polymer due to ion intercalation under the application of a gate voltage. However, the challenge is the trade-off in morphology for mixed conduction since good electronic charge transport requires a high degree of ordering among PEDOT chains, while efficient ion uptake and volumetric doping necessitates open and loose packing of the polymer chains. Ionic-liquid-doped PEDOT:PSS that overcomes this limitation is demonstrated. Ionic-liquid-doped OECTs show high transconductance, fast transient response, and high device stability over 3600 switching cycles. The ...

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“…Similarly, the stretchability can be increased by using a certain plasticizer or attaching soft side chains to the conjugated backbone of conductive polymers . For example, the addition of ionic liquid enables highly conductive and stretchable PEDOT:PSS films with high transparency . The freestanding polymer films can be stretched up to 170%, and their conductivity can be higher than 1000 S cm −1 .…”

Section: Intrinsically Conductive Polymers For Flexible/stretchable Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Composites For Stretchable Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Electronically Functional Polymeric Composite Materials for a Flexible and Stretchable Digital Future

2018

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Flexible/stretchable electronic devices and systems are attracting great attention because they can have important applications in many areas, such as artificial intelligent (AI) robotics, brain-machine interfaces, medical devices, structural and environmental monitoring, and healthcare. In addition to the electronic performance, the electronic devices and systems should be mechanically flexible or even stretchable. Traditional electronic materials including metals and semiconductors usually have poor mechanical flexibility and very limited elasticity. Three main strategies are adopted for the development of flexible/stretchable electronic materials. One is to use organic or polymeric materials. These materials are flexible, and their elasticity can be improved through chemical modification or composition formation with plasticizers or elastomers. Another strategy is to exploit nanometer-scale materials. Many inorganic materials in nanometer sizes can have high flexibility. They can be stretchable through the composition formation with elastomers. Ionogels can be considered as the third type of materials because they can be stretchable and ionically conductive. This article provides the recent progress of soft functional materials development including intrinsically conductive polymers for flexible/stretchable electrodes, and thermoelectric conversion and polymer composites for large area, flexible stretchable electrodes, and tactile sensors.

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Highly Stretchable and Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS/Ionic Liquid Composite Transparent Electrodes for Solution-Processed Stretchable Electronics

Cited by 204 publications

References 40 publications

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Ionic‐Liquid Doping Enables High Transconductance, Fast Response Time, and High Ion Sensitivity in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Soft Electronically Functional Polymeric Composite Materials for a Flexible and Stretchable Digital Future

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