Highly Stable Organic Antimony Halide Crystals for X-ray Scintillation

He, Qingquan; Zhou, Chenkun; Xu, Liang‐Jin; Lee, Sujin; Lin, Xinsong; Neu, Jennifer; Worku, Michael; Chaaban, Maya; Ma, Biwu

doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00133

Cited by 163 publications

(153 citation statements)

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“…The intensity decreased to the background level in 10 ms after the cease of the excitation source, indicating the suitability for high contrast imaging. The excellent performance of X-ray imaging could be attributed to the negligible self-absorption, high PLQE, light yield, and low detection limit of (C 38 H 34 P 2 )MnBr 4 33,34,43,44 . Flexible devices have received tremendous attention nowadays for their good foldability, high crack resistance, favorable compatibility, and potential application in portable and wearable devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

et al. 2020

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Scintillation based X-ray detection has received great attention for its application in a wide range of areas from security to healthcare. Here, we report highly efficient X-ray scintillators with stateof-the-art performance based on an organic metal halide, ethylenebis-triphenylphosphonium manganese (II) bromide ((C 38 H 34 P 2)MnBr 4), which can be prepared using a facile solution growth method at room temperature to form inch sized single crystals. This zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrid exhibits green emission peaked at 517 nm with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of~95%. Its X-ray scintillation properties are characterized with an excellent linear response to X-ray dose rate, a high light yield of~80,000 photon MeV −1 , and a low detection limit of 72.8 nGy s −1. X-ray imaging tests show that scintillators based on (C 38 H 34 P 2)MnBr 4 powders provide an excellent visualization tool for X-ray radiography, and high resolution flexible scintillators can be fabricated by blending (C 38 H 34 P 2)MnBr 4 powders with polydimethylsiloxane.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

et al. 2020

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“…These compounds may therefore not be suitable for applications that require photon counting and/or spectroscopic X-ray energy resolution capabilities, such as positron emission tomography and nuclear security. However, static X-ray imaging such as used in dental and physician practices would benefit from the low-cost nature of these materials and the high reported sensitivity, 119 which enables a low dose rate to the patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first such study demonstrated that (bmpip) 2 SnBr 4 could function as an excellent X-ray scintillator ( Figure 5 A). 34 A very recent work found that square-pyramidal (PPN) 2 SbCl 5 also exhibits efficient X-ray scintillation, 119 and it is likely that many of these materials are radioluminescent. An open question is whether the long emission lifetimes ( Table 2 ) are problematic for X-ray detection.…”

Section: Properties Of Emissive 5s 2 0d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Lone-Pair-Driven Luminescence: Structure–Property Relationships in Emissive 5s² Metal Halides

McCall

Morad

Benin

et al. 2020

ACS Materials Lett.

256

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Low-dimensional metal halides have been the focus of intense investigations in recent years following the success of hybrid lead halide perovskites as optoelectronic materials. In particular, the light emission of low-dimensional halides based on the 5s 2 cations Sn 2+ and Sb 3+ has found utility in a variety of applications complementary to those of the three-dimensional halide perovskites because of its unusual properties such as broadband character and highly temperature-dependent lifetime. These properties derive from the exceptional chemistry of the 5s 2 lone pair, but the terminology and explanations given for such emission vary widely, hampering efforts to build a cohesive understanding of these materials that would lead to the development of efficient optoelectronic devices. In this Perspective, we provide a structural overview of these materials with a focus on the dynamics driven by the stereoactivity of the 5s 2 lone pair to identify the structural features that enable strong emission. We unite the different theoretical models that have been able to explain the success of these bright 5s 2 emission centers into a cohesive framework, which is then applied to the array of compounds recently developed by our group and other researchers, demonstrating its utility and generating a holistic picture of the field from the point of view of a materials chemist. We highlight those state-of-the-art materials and applications that demonstrate the unique capabilities of these versatile emissive centers and identify promising future directions in the field of low-dimensional 5s 2 metal halides.

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“…It is exciting that low‐toxic or non‐toxic elemental elements (such as Sn, Bi, Sb, Cu, and Ge) can replace lead to form lead‐free perovskites due to similar characteristics. [ 166–173 ] Lead‐free perovskite is a promising scintillator material because of its rich structural diversity, which is very suitable for various applications related to X‐ray detection and medical imaging. The diversified structure is closely related to the three vital ingredients (ionic radius, ion valence, and coordination type) of A, B, and X ions.…”

Section: Challenges and Outlookmentioning

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Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

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the coincidence efficiency. This indicates that the solid angle controlled by the PET system and the efficiency of the intrinsic detector are greater. [11,12] More significantly, the Compton events in the pulse height spectrum are mainly caused by scattering in the scintillator. Therefore, these deficiencies can be avoided by lowering the threshold. However, the signal provided by Compton scattering quanta in adjacent crystals may be higher than the threshold, and thus may affect the position resolution and make it worse. In X-ray computed tomography (CT), the body is mainly irradiated continuously from multiple directions by fan-shaped X-rays, while attenuation profiles are recorded, and finally reconstructed from the cross-sectional view of the body. [13] This technology mainly uses complex scanning methods in the field of clinical practice. At present, the realized way of X-rays detector can be roughly divided into two types, direct and indirect. The former one directly absorbs incident X-rays, generates electronic signals through semiconductors or engenders chemical signals through thin films. [14-17] This method can directly convert X-rays into visible light without going through other processes. Therefore, an X-ray detector with a wide linear response range, fast pulse rise time, high-energy resolution, and spatial resolution can be obtained, which makes it copiously applied in X-ray detection. [18-21] However, X-ray detectors based on semiconductors face the challenges of high cost and low efficiency. In addition, although the film is cheap, it is difficult to apply in digital form, which may limit its further development. The latter one refers to the conversion of X-rays (in the highenergy radiation, in addition to X-rays, α, β, and γ rays are also included) into ultraviolet visible (UV) light through scintillators which can be further captured by optical devices. [22-24] It consists of a scintillator and an array photodiode (PD). In contrast, since the scintillator that converts X-rays indirectly is cheap, it is easier to implement in the industry than direct detectors, and has the characteristics of low cost and abundant options, stability, and flexible conversion rate. [25,26] At present, indirect X-ray detectors are widely used in ordinary flat panel X-ray detectors. Moreover, it can be flexibly combined with commercially mature sensor arrays (e.g., amorphous silicon PDs, thin film transistor arrays, photomultiplier tubes, complementary metal oxide semiconductors, silicon avalanche PDs, and X-ray imaging charge-coupled devices [CCD]), therefore, they have attracted more attention. Scintillator is a unique class of luminescent materials, which is extensively used in many fields such as nondestructive testing, medical imaging, space probes, etc. Compared with the disadvantages of traditional scintillator materials which have high cost, are fragile, have long response time and low spatial resolution disadvantages, metal halide perovskites are considered to be the most potential scintillator materials in ...

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Highly Stable Organic Antimony Halide Crystals for X-ray Scintillation

Cited by 163 publications

References 43 publications

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

Efficient Lone-Pair-Driven Luminescence: Structure–Property Relationships in Emissive 5s² Metal Halides

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

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Highly Stable Organic Antimony Halide Crystals for X-ray Scintillation

Cited by 163 publications

References 43 publications

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

Highly efficient eco-friendly X-ray scintillators based on an organic manganese halide

Efficient Lone-Pair-Driven Luminescence: Structure–Property Relationships in Emissive 5s2 Metal Halides

Halide Perovskite, a Potential Scintillator for X‐Ray Detection

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Efficient Lone-Pair-Driven Luminescence: Structure–Property Relationships in Emissive 5s² Metal Halides