Highly Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing of Heparin Based on Antiaggregation of Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

We report a simple and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for the detection of heparin, based on antiaggregation of 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPY) functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Here, protamine was employed as a medium for inducing the aggregation of negatively charged 4-MPY functionalized Ag NPs through surface electrostatic interaction, which resulted in significantly enhanced Raman signal of the Raman reporter. However, in the presence of heparin, the interaction between heparin and protamine decreased the concentration of free protamine, which dissipated the aggregated 4-MPY functionalized Ag NPs and thus decreased Raman enhancement effect. The degree of aggregation and Raman enhancement effect was proportional to the concentration of added heparin. Under optimized assay conditions, good linear relationship was obtained over the range of 0.5−150 ng/mL (R 2 = 0.998) with a minimum detectable concentration of 0.5 ng/mL in standard aqueous solution. Furthermore, the developed method was also successfully applied for detecting heparin in fetal bovine serum samples with a linear range of 1−400 ng/mL.

Red-to-blue colorimetric detection of chromium via Cr (III)-citrate chelating based on Tween 20-stabilized gold nanoparticles

“…Tseng's group had provided colorimetric method for the detection of Ag + and Hg 2+ based on an assembly of Tween 20-Au NPs [21]. Our group has also designed these kinds of convenient methods for detection various targets, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing of heparin based on anti-aggregation of functionalized Ag NPs [22], and so on.…”

Supercharged Fluorescent Protein as a Versatile Probe for the Detection of Glycosaminoglycans in Vitro and in Vivo

“…Notably, the sensitivity of such platform for heparin detection is similar to the nearinfrared fluorescence assay using trypsin stabilized gold 27 and a phloxine B/polyethylenimine system-based optical sensing platform (0.12−18.7 μg/ mL), 31 much better than an anion-exchange-based amperometric assay using polyimidazolium as synthetic receptor (7.5− 150 μg/mL) 29 but inferior to surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing based on antiaggregation of functionalized silver nanoparticles (5 × 10 −4 to 0.15 μg/mL). 30 Moreover, this sensing platform could be applied to determine HA, CS, and DS ( Figure S8). To further demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in practical clinical analyses, the detection of Hep in real biological samples was investigated.…”

Potentiometric flow injection sensing system for determination of heparin based on current-controlled release of protamine

“…It should be noted that chondroitin sulfate (ChS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are both polyanions that can electrostatically interact with protamine. Although the electrostatic interaction between protamine and HA or ChS is weaker than that between protamine and heparin [8], HA and ChS may interfere with the detection of heparin. [ ( F i g .…”

“…However, these assays are indirect and not always reliable [5]. Various methods including colorimetry [6], Raman spectroscopy [7,8], liquid chromatography [9], electrochemistry [10], and fluorimetry [11] have also been developed for measuring heparin. Unfortunately, these methods may not be suitable for whole blood analysis.…”