Highly sensitive retrospective determination of organophosphorous nerve agent biomarkers in human urine implemented in vivo in rabbit

Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction of organophosphorus nerve agent degradation products from environmental samples

“…Moreover, the combination of LC with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) offers the greatest level of specificity and sensitivity for their analysis [5]. Considering the LC separation, the HILIC mode [5,6], mixed-mode [7] and porous graphitic carbon systems [8] were used but reversed-phase liquid chromatography on C18 silica was the method of choice for their separation [9][10][11]. However, their presence at low concentration in a matrix with a high level of interfering compounds constitutes a real challenge.…”