Highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on dumbbell-shaped double-shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructures

Abstract

A high-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on hybrid metal-oxides is proposed. Dumbbell-shaped double-shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructures (CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM) were prepared via the hydrothermal method using pluronic F-127 as a surfactant. This structure is studied by various physicochemical characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, elemental mapping techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This unique CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM provides both a large surface area and an easy penetrable structure facilitating improved electrochemical reactivity toward glucose oxidation. The prepared CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM was used over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the active material for glucose detection and then coated by Nafion to provide the proposed Nafion/CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM/GCE. The fabricated glucose sensor exhibits an extremely wide dynamic range from 500 nM to 100 mM, a sensitivity of 1536.80 µA mM−1 cm−2, a low limit of detection of 357.5 nM, and a short response time of 1.60 s. The proposed sensor also showed long-term stability, good reproducibility, favorable repeatability, excellent selectivity, and satisfactory applicability for glucose detection in human serum samples. The achieved high-performance glucose sensing based on Nafion/CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM/GCE shows that both the material synthesis and the sensor fabrication methods have been promising and they can be used in future researches.

Recent Advances in Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors Based on Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Diabetes Management- A Review

“…The sensor also gave reproducible results within 3 s. In addition, the sensor displayed great selectivity to glucose molecules against ascorbic acid, sucrose, and dopamine. In another study by Haghparas et al (2021), CuO/ZnO microstructures were developed that exhibited a wide dynamic range of 500 nM to 100 mM and high sensitivity of 1,536.80 μA mM −1 cm −2 . The sensor displayed a LOD of 357.5 nM and gave rapid results in 1.6 s. Likewise, similar observations were recorded in a study by Awais et al (2021).…”

“…In another recent study by the same author a NEGS was developed using CuO and ZnO microstructures. This sensor gave a very wide dynamic range of 500 nM—100 mM, sensitivity of 1,536.80 μA mM −1 cm −2 and a LOD of 357.5 nM ( Haghparas et al, 2021 ). In addition, the sensor showed a rapid response time of 1.6 s and displayed a prolonged shelf-life, great stability, reproducibility, and high selectivity for glucose molecules.…”

The latest trends in the design of electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus

“…Metal oxide nanomaterials have been used in the work of Haghparas and co-authors (2021), Vinoth and co-authors (2021), and Hovancova and co-authors (2020). The fi rst-mentioned work was focused on the design of dumbbell-shaped double shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructures by the hydrothermal method using pluronic F-127 as a surfactant (16). Zinc oxide quantum dots immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes were used as a sensing material in a Vinoth and co-authors glucose sensor (2021).…”

“…Zinc oxide quantum dots immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes were used as a sensing material in a Vinoth and co-authors glucose sensor (2021). Hovancova and co-authors (2020) designed a glucose sensor based on a titanium metal covered with detection by titanium dioxide with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (16)(17)(18).…”

3D SERS Imaging of Nanoporous Gold–Silver Microstructures: Exploring the Formation Mechanism Based on Galvanic Replacement Reaction

“…Furthermore, AgMSs or silver nanoparticles in microstructures have not only been exploited in the SERS application, but also in other potential applications, such as developing the performance of electrical devices, , engineering the porous materials in aerospace and construction applications, and advancing materials in the semiconductor devices, according to their large specific surface area, low density, and interesting catalytic and optical properties. , In these studies, the advanced characterization techniques of electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are generally used to attain detailed information about the surface analysis of AgMSs. , The spatial resolutions of scanning electron microscopy with EDS measurement and XPS technique are restricted to 1–2 μm and approximately 5 nm, respectively. ,− The elemental composition and chemical information are acquired from the near-surface region of AgMSs. Since the microscale size of AgMSs (∼20 μm) and their dimensions are not comparable to the interaction volumes of these two techniques, a cross-section at a broken area or computed tomography imaging is inevitable.…”