Highly sensitive nano-biosensor based on a binary photonic crystal for cancer cell detection

Abstract

Today, cancer disease is a significant reason for the death of many patients. In many cases, cancer is diagnosed after metastasized during the body. Thus, the earlier detection gives a better opportunity for treatment and cure. A simple 1-D binary photonic crystal with a defect layer is proposed with the structure (Si/ SiO2) N /Defect/(Si/ SiO2) N as a detector for cancerous cells. The defect layer is taken here as the patient's blood sample. Compared with the normal blood sample, the cancerous samples lead to a considerable change in the refractive index. This index variation leads to a shift in the resonant mode position which can be used to diagnose cancer cells. The transfer matrix method is employed to analyze the structure. The number of periods, defect layer thickness and incident angle are investigated to maximize the sensitivity. The sensitivity is calculated at optimized conditions and found as 2400.08 nm/RIU. This sensitivity is extremely high when compared to the most recent biosensors. All the sensor performance parameters are calculated and discussed.

Highly sensitive V-shaped SPR PCF biosensor for cancer detection

“…Additionally, the suggested design could be also used to detect the change in RI for different bio-analyte. Moreover, the achieved sensitivity is greater than that has been reported in (Jabin et al 2019), (Ayyanar et al 2018), (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Jindal et al 2016), (Sani et al 2022), (Almawgani et al 2022), (Malek et al 2022), (Yasli 2022), (Nayak 2023), and (Ramanujam et al 2019).…”

“…A comparison between the proposed V-shaped cancer detection sensor with the previously reported sensors in (Sani et al 2022), (Verma, Kumar and Jindal, 2022), (Chaudhary, Kumar and Kumar, 2022), (Rajeswari and Revathi 2022), (Yasli 2021), (Jabin et al 2019), (Ayyanar et al 2018), (Mollah et al 2020), (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Jindal et al 2016), (Abdelghaffar et al 2022) and (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Singh and Prajapati 2023), (Almawgani et al 2022), (Malek et al 2022), (Yasli 2022), (Nayak 2023) is depicted in Table 6. It is evident that the sensitivity of the proposed early cancer detection biosensor is greater than the introduced biosensors in (Jabin et al 2019), (Ayyanar et al 2018), (Ramanujam et al 2019), (Jindal et al 2016), (Sani et al 2022), (Almawgani et al 2022), (Malek et al 2022), (Yasli 2022) (Nayak 2023) (Abdelghaffar et al 2022)and (Ramanujam et al 2019). Further, the highly sensitive sensors reported in (Verma, Kumar and Jindal, 2022), (Yasli 2021), and (Singh and Prajapati 2023) have used different air hole diameters with complex fabrication process.…”

“…Additionally, SPR PCF biosensor with gold (Au) and titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ) coated layers was proposed for different cancer cell detection with sensitivities of 9428.57 nm/RIU, 10,714.28 nm/RIU, 7571.43 nm/RIU, 5500 nm/RIU, and 6000 nm/RIU for the MDAMB-231, MCF-7, PC12, HeLa, and Jurkat cancerous cells, respectively (Chaudhary, Kumar and Kumar, 2022). Moreover, 1-D binary PhC with a defect layer using ( Si∕SiO 2 N/Defect/(Si∕SiO 2 )N structure was introduced for cancer cells detection with sensitivity of 2400.08 nm/RIU (Almawgani et al 2022). In addition, RI based sensor for skin cancer (Basal, HeLa, MDA-MB-231) detection using silicon rods in the air bed was presented with sensitivity of 3080 nm/RIU (Sani et al 2022).…”

A high-performance biosensor design for waterborne bacteria detection based on one-dimensional photonic crystal

“…A suitable value for the number of alternating layers is crucial for designing a biosensor. The PBG is not sharp and cannot be accurately observed for different samples if a smaller number of periods are taken [20]. Hence, a moderate value for number of periods is necessary to get the desired defect mode curves.…”

“…Arafa et al examined a PhC for identifying different cancer cells with a high sensitivity of 2200 nm RIU [19]. A Almawgani et al proposed the structure (Si/SiO 2 ) N /Defect/(Si/SiO 2 ) N as a detector for cancerous cells with a high sensitivity of 2400.08 nm RIU [20]. A H Aly et al demonstrated a blood sugar concentration sensor employing a 1D defect-based PhC structure where transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to tune a number of geometrical parameters in order to achieve a high sensitivity of 1100 nm RIU [21].…”