Highly sensitive long-period fiber-grating strain sensor with low temperature sensitivity

Wang, Yiping; Xiao, Limin; Wang, Dongning; Jin, Wei

doi:10.1364/ol.31.003414

Cited by 234 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…12,86,87 In contrast, CO 2 laser irradiation is a highly efficient, low cost technique for writing a LPFG in a pure-silica PCF without photosensitivity. 20,24,25,27 Kakarantzas et al 20,88 reported, as shown in Fig. 5, the first example of structural LPFGs written in pure-silica solidcore PCFs.…”

Section: B To Write Lpfgs In Solid-core Pcfsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…6, an asymmetrical LPFG with periodic grooves was written in a pure-silica large-mode-area PCF by the use of a focused CO 2 laser beam. 24,25 The repeated scanning of the focused CO 2 laser beam creates a local high temperature in the fiber, which leads to the collapse of air holes and the gasification of SiO 2 on the fiber surface. Consequently, periodic grooves with a depth of about 10 m and a width of about 60 m are created on the fiber, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: B To Write Lpfgs In Solid-core Pcfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5-15 Since Hill et al 1 and Vengsarkar et al 5 wrote the first FBG and LPFG in conventional glass fibers in 1978 and 1996, respectively, the fabrications and applications of in-fiber gratings have achieved rapid developments. Various fabrication methods, such as ultraviolet ͑UV͒ laser exposure, 5-15 CO 2 laser irradiation, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] electricarc discharge, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] femtosecond laser exposure, [38][39][40][41][42][43] mechanical microbends, [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] etched corrugations, [52][53][54][55][56][57] and ion beam implantation, [58][59][60] have been demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers. Numerous LPFGbased devices have ...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the UV-laser exposure technique, the CO 2 laser irradiation technique is much more flexible and low cost because no photosensitivity and any other pretreated process are re-quired to write a grating in the glass fibers. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Moreover, the CO 2 laser irradiation process can be controlled to generate complicated grating profiles via the well-known point-topoint technique without any expensive masks. This technique could be, hence, used to write LPFGs in almost all types of fibers including pure-silica photonic crystal fibers ͑PCFs͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: B To Write Lpfgs In Solid-core Pcfsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: B To Write Lpfgs In Solid-core Pcfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

220

134

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“…Since Davis et al reported the first CO 2 -laserinduced long period fiber grating (LPFG) in a conventional glass fiber in 1998 [1], various CO 2 laser irradiation techniques have been demonstrated and improved to write high-quality LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers [2,3], solid-core photonic crystal fibers [4,5], and air-core photonic bandgap fibers [6]. The enhancement of the grating-writing efficiency is critical to achieving a high-quality LPFG with desired mode-coupling efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-treatment techniques for enhancing mode-coupling in long period fiber gratings induced by CO2 laser

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2015

Photonic Sens

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Two promising post-treatment techniques, i.e. applying tensile strain and rising temperature, are demonstrated to enhance the mode-coupling efficiency of the CO 2 -laser-induced long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with periodic grooves. Such two post-treatment techniques can be used to enhance the resonant attenuation of the grating to achieve a LPFG-based filter with an extremely large attenuation and to tailor the transmission spectrum of the CO 2 -laser-induced LPFG after grating fabrication.

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Novel Fiber‐Optic Sensors

Peters

2008

Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring

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This article reviews novel fiber‐optic sensors for the measurement of strain and temperature that are based on recently developed optical fiber technologies. Sensors based on surface relief gratings and sapphire optical fibers for high‐temperature environments are presented. Additionally, the response of fiber Bragg gratings in extremely low‐temperature environments is discussed. The optical and mechanical response of newly developed single‐mode polymer optical fibers over large‐strain ranges is explained, along with the fabrication of FBGs in such fibers. As compared to conventional silica fibers, single‐mode polymer optical fibers demonstrate increased phase sensitivity to strain and negative phase sensitivity to temperature. Recently fabricated microstructured optical fibers, which demonstrate little or no temperature sensitivity and can incorporate a variety of sensors with novel properties, are also reviewed. Multicore optical fibers, which have been applied for the measurement of local curvatures and networked for the measurement of the shape of flexible structures, are also discussed. Finally, recent examples of the application of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology to the fabrication of optical fiber sensors, including focused ion beam machining, are presented.

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Highly sensitive long-period fiber-grating strain sensor with low temperature sensitivity

Cited by 234 publications

References 8 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Post-treatment techniques for enhancing mode-coupling in long period fiber gratings induced by CO2 laser

Novel Fiber‐Optic Sensors

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