“…As a benefit from this, the interference of non-fluorescent components can be considerably avoided, which is the optimum choice for most trace target analysis ( Casto-Boggess et al, 2022 ). Traditional fluorescence detection methods mostly use ready-made peroxidases such as HRP ( Lu and Xu, 2019 ; Heo et al, 2021 ) and ALP ( Han et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2022 ) to catalyze the substrate such as tyramine ( Zhang et al, 2020a ; Kang et al, 2020 ) and thioflavin T ( Wu et al, 2018 ; Pramanik et al, 2021 ) to output fluorescent signals. The disadvantages of this method lie in that the enzyme protein is relatively unstable and has harsh requirements on reaction conditions, which make researchers turn their attention to the G4-hemin biomimetic enzyme ( Li et al, 2021a ; Huang et al, 2021 ).…”