Highly sensitive fiber optic temperature and strain sensor based on an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer fabricated by a femtosecond laser

Paixão, Tiago; Araújo, F. M.; Antunes, Paulo

doi:10.1364/ol.44.004833

Cited by 110 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The series configuration with physically separated FPIs seemed very promising however, it only started to enter mainstream use since 2018. [12,14,[16][17][18][19] Prior to then, only a few publications with the interferometers physically connected to each other were published. [20][21][22] Overall, the optical Vernier effect configurations using only FPIs, the case of two FPIs physically connected in series was the most studied, corresponding to almost half of the publications within this group.…”

Section: Fabry-perot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of applications, the configurations using FPIs were mainly used for temperature [15,16,20,23,25,29,30,32,34,38] and strain sensing. [9,12,18,19,35] Apart from these two applications, others such as magnetic field sensing, [9] gas refractive index, [21,26] and pressure sensing, [17,24] airflow sensing, [22] hydrogen sensing, [14] humidity sensing, [13] volatile organic compounds sensing, [28] and refractive index sensing of liquids [31] were also reported. Simultaneous measurement of parameters is also possible, combining the response of the Vernier envelope with the individual interferometric peaks from the reflection spectrum.…”

Section: Fabry-perot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Gomes

Bartelt

Frazão

2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The optical analog of the Vernier effect applied to fiber interferometers is a recent tool to enhance the sensitivity and resolution of optical fiber sensors. This effect relies on the overlap between the signals of two interferometers with slightly detuned interference frequencies. The Vernier envelope modulation generated at the output spectrum presents magnified sensing capabilities (i.e., magnified wavelength shift) compared to that of the individual sensing interferometers that constitute the system, leading to a new generation of highly sensitive fiber sensing devices. This review analyses the recent advances and developments of the optical Vernier effect from a fiber sensing point-of-view. Initially, the fundamentals of the effect are introduced, followed by an extensive review on the state-of-the-art, presenting all the different configurations and types of fiber sensing interferometers used to introduce the optical Vernier effect. This paper also includes an overview of the complex case of enhanced Vernier effect and the introduction of harmonics to the effect.

show abstract

Section: Fabry-perot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabry-perot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Gomes

Bartelt

Frazão

2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, H. Liao et al [ 20 ] assembled two MZIs to develop a temperature sensor based on a core offset technique, where the percentage of size difference (PSD) between the length of the devices was 10% ( M = 8.7, the sensitivity increased from 0.04536 to 0.39736 nm/°C). Moreover, T. Paixão et al [ 23 ] demonstrated a temperature sensor using two FPIs, fabricated with a femtosecond laser, where the PSD between the lengths of the cavities was 1% ( M = 100, the sensitivity was increased up to 0.927 nm/°C). Besides, L. Y. Shao et al [ 24 ] constructed two Sagnac interferometers by using polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF), and PSD between the lengths of PMFs, which formed part of each interferometer, was 13.17% ( M = 9.15, experimental; M = 7.91, theoretical; the sensitivity increased from −1.4 to −13.36 nm/°C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Based on a Capillary Hollow-Core Fiber Using Vernier Effect for a Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor

Marrujo-García

Hernández-Romano

May-Arrioja

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we propose a highly sensitive temperature sensor based on two cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) that work using the Vernier effect. The all-fiber MZIs were assembled by splicing a segment of capillary hollow-core fiber (CHCF) between two sections of multimode fibers (MMFs). This cascaded configuration exhibits a temperature sensitivity of 1.964 nm/°C in a range from 10 to 70 °C, which is ~67.03 times higher than the sensitivity of the single MZI. Moreover, this device exhibits a high-temperature resolution of 0.0153 °C. A numerical analysis was carried out to estimate the devices’ temperature sensitivity and calculate the magnification of the sensitivity produced by the Vernier effect. The numerical results have an excellent agreement with the experimental results and provide a better insight into the working principle of the MZI devices. The sensor’s performance, small size, and easy fabrication make us believe that it is an attractive candidate for temperature measurement in biological applications.

show abstract

“…The sensitivity has been seriously limited by the thermal optical coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient of the optical fiber material itself [12]. The FP interference cavity was usually prepared as a groove or a penetrating hole on a single single-mode fiber or a multi-mode fiber through high-precision laser processing or chemical etching technology [13,14]. In order to obtain more ideal response effect, it is a good choice to encapsulate sensitive materials in the FP cavity, where the sensing performance can be effectively optimized due to the modulation of the sensitive materials' refractive index or volume responding to the surrounding environment, such as the liquid or gas concentration, humidity, temperature and magnetic [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compact Strain Sensor Based on Microstructural Fabry-Perot Fiber Cavity

Guo¹,

Wang²,

Li³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fabry-Perot air chamber was constructed at the melting point (splicing location) of two single-mode fibers by glycerin assisted self-expansion method. The morphology of the Fabry-Perot air chamber was fabricated and optimized by modulating the splicing parameters (drawing process, discharging location, time and intensity) and the fibers’ end-face (plane or arc). The in-line or reflected Fabry-Perot cavities have been applied to determine the tensile strain in the range of 0-1.2 N. The train sensing performance of the spherical shaped FP cavity has been experimentally demonstrated with the best sensitivity of 3.628 nm/N, corresponding to the resolution of ~0.005 N. The proposed FP fiber sensor has the advantages of low cost, fast fabrication and easy-integration with the common fiber system.

show abstract

Highly sensitive fiber optic temperature and strain sensor based on an intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer fabricated by a femtosecond laser

Cited by 110 publications

References 22 publications

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

Optical Vernier Effect: Recent Advances and Developments

In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Based on a Capillary Hollow-Core Fiber Using Vernier Effect for a Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor

A Compact Strain Sensor Based on Microstructural Fabry-Perot Fiber Cavity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About