Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Uric Acid Sensor Based on Cobalt Oxide Puffy Balls-like Nanostructure

Abstract

Early-stage uric acid (UA) abnormality detection is crucial for a healthy human. With the evolution of nanoscience, metal oxide nanostructure-based sensors have become a potential candidate for health monitoring due to their low-cost, easy-to-handle, and portability. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of puffy balls-like cobalt oxide nanostructure using a hydrothermal method and utilize them to modify the working electrode for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor fabrication. The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was utilized for UA determination using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The puffy balls-shaped cobalt oxide nanostructure-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode exhibited excellent electro-catalytic activity during UA detection. Interestingly, when we compared the sensitivity of non-enzymatic electrochemical UA sensors, the DPV technique resulted in high sensitivity (2158 µA/mM.cm2) compared to the CV technique (sensitivity = 307 µA/mM.cm2). The developed non-enzymatic electrochemical UA sensor showed good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and applicability in the human serum. Moreover, this study indicates that the puffy balls-shaped cobalt oxide nanostructure can be utilized as electrode material for designing (bio)sensors to detect a specific analyte.

Electrochemical Sensing of Uric Acid with Zinc Oxide Nanorods Decorated with Copper Oxide Nanoseeds

“…DPV is widely used for the electrochemical sensing of various analytes; it is an extremely sensitive and pulsed-based technique that utilizes ramp voltage. ,, The short sampling time of ramp voltage minimizes the capacitive charging current compared to the Faradaic current and also increases the Faradaic current to non-Faradaic current ratio. This makes DPV comparatively more sensitive than the CV technique.…”

“…Currently, there have been increasing reports of nanomaterial-based non-enzymatic sensors for detection of different analytes. − Different nanostructures of nanomaterials (i.e., CuO, cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O), ZnO, manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), iron­(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), nickel oxide (NiO), cerium­(IV) oxide (CeO 2 ), tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ), tin­(IV) oxide (SnO 2 ), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), MXene, carbon black, etc.) and their nanocomposites (i.e., ZnO-CuO, ZnO-Au, ZnO-Fe 2 O 3 , ZnO-polyaniline, ZnO-MWCNTs, etc.)…”

Graphene‐Based Enzymatic and Non‐Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Review of Current Research and Advances in Nanotechnology

“…The fifth factor is calibration, which requires non-enzymatic glucose sensors to be calibrated to produce correct readings, and variables like as temperature and pH might influence this process. [43] The effect of temperature on the calibration of a non-enzymatic glucose sensor was reported in one study. Temperature fluctuations were found to have a significant impact on sensor calibration, with glucose levels fluctuating by up to 23 % between temperatures.…”

“…The fifth factor is calibration, which requires non‐enzymatic glucose sensors to be calibrated to produce correct readings, and variables like as temperature and pH might influence this process [43] . The effect of temperature on the calibration of a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor was reported in one study.…”

Development of Pd@MWCNT-Co3O4 Electrode Sensors Using Cobalt Recovered from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

“…The different nanostructured forms of cobalt oxide are used for sensing various analytes. [10][11][12][13] Researchers have adopted different methods for the recovery of valuable metals from spent batteries. The recycling of lithium and cobalt metals is done by various techniques including electrodialysis coupled with chelation, 14 leaching with inorganic acids [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and hydrometallurgical methods involving natural organic acids.…”