Highly sensitive determination of heavy metals in water prior to and after remediation using Citrofortunella Microcarpa

Abstract

A highly sensitive bismuth/silver nanoparticles/Nafion-modified screen-printed graphene electrode was fabricated and was utilized for the detection of trace lead (Pb) concentrations in river water samples prior to and after remediation using calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) rinds in different forms viz., ground sun-dried, dry-ashed, food-grade pectin, fractionated pectin, and alcohol insoluble solids—extracted pectin. All these forms of pectin remediated Pb in the water samples. Hence, this novel method of using calamansi rinds in different forms is an effective method for the removal of lead in water. The electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry which confirmed the presence of the modifiers on the electrode surface. The limit of detection of 267.6 ppt and the strong linear relationship between the Pb concentration and the anodic current response (R2 = 0.999) were obtained under optimized experimental conditions and parameters.

Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles Supported on Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon for Simultaneous Detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+

“…Thus, the focus on developing portable, accurate, fast, user-friendly, and low-cost devices is required for point-of-care detection. Recently, electrochemical sensors have gained increasing attention for detecting metal ions into a water source owing to their simpler approach, low cost, fast response, compatibility for miniaturization, and ease of assembly and adaptability to be integrated into portable devices. , They may, however, present great advantages in detecting the target analytes in complex systems with low limits of detection (LOD) and high sensitivity . Particularly, stripping voltammetry is a competent electroanalytical technique that consists in enabling many chemical reaction processes to provide electrochemical signals of target probe binding in real time and offers the possibility of analyzing several trace-metal ions simultaneously with ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent selectivity.…”

Adsorptive colorimetric determination of chromium(VI) ions at ultratrace levels using amine functionalized mesoporous silica

“…These methods are well known for their high sensitivity, selectivity, and precision. However, they require sophisticated instruments, multiple sample processing steps and trained technicians which make these methods time consuming and costly for routine environmental surveillance 5 , 6 .…”

Simultaneous, Selective and Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc via Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes

“…Hai et al [17] used Sb 2 O 3 /MWCNT nanocomposite paste as the working electrode and after 10 minutes of preconcentration time they were able to determine Pb 2 + and Cd 2 + simultaneously within the linear ranges of 5-35 and 80-150 ppb and LOD values of 6.2 and 16.77 ppb, respectively. On the other hand, Palisoc et al [18] modified graphitic rods obtained from waste batteries via Nafion, MWCNT, and bismuth to analyze Pb 2 + and Cd 2 + in herbal food supplements. They were able to achieve 0.72 and 1.06 ppb detection limits, and 5-1000 ppb linear range for Pb 2 + and Cd 2 + after 105 s of deposition time, respectively.…”

“…On the other hand, Palisoc et al. [18] modified graphitic rods obtained from waste batteries via Nafion, MWCNT, and bismuth to analyze Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ in herbal food supplements. They were able to achieve 0.72 and 1.06 ppb detection limits, and 5–1000 ppb linear range for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ after 105 s of deposition time, respectively.…”