“…24 Several methods for the determination of epinephrine have been reported, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 25,26 HPLC-mass spectrometry, 27 uorimetry, 28 HPLC-optical ber biosensor, 29 capillary electrophoresis, 30,31 ow injection, 32,33 HPLC with uorimetric detection, 34 chemiluminescence, 35,36 spectrophotometry 37,38 and electrochemical methods. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Electrochemical techniques are suitable for the detection of epinephrine due to their sensitivity, rapidity, accuracy, and low cost. For these reasons, different modied electrodes have been introduced for the detection of epinephrine, including gold electrode, 42 ionic liquid-modied carbon nanotubes paste electrode, 43 MnO 2 -Naon-modied glassy carbon electrode, 44 glassy carbon electrode modied with carbon ber ultra microelectrode, 45 and graphene/gold nanocomposite modied-glassy carbon electrode.…”