Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensors for CF₄ Gas Molecules Based on Two‐Node Hollow Fullerene

Abstract

assemblies and nanofunctional materials in the field of optoelectronic devices, catalysis, biomedicines, and so on. [4] On one hand, C 60 has a triple degenerate lowest unoccupied molecule orbital (LUMO), presenting a good electron-accepting ability for holding up to six electrons and facilitating the formation of donor-acceptor dyads. On the other hand, it can be viewed as electron-deficient polyalkene and, therefore, chemically reactive. [5] These two features make the derivatization of fullerene feasible so as to extend its functionality. Various kinds of molecules/ structures have been linked to fullerenes to form fullerenes derivatives. For example, biphenyl fulleroids (Ph 2 C 61) was first synthesized by Suzuki et al. in 1991, [6] which was followed soon by the synthesis of Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM). [7] The latter was demonstrated advantageous in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) by enhancing the open-circuit voltage. [8] Meanwhile, physical and chemical modifications of fullerene have been achieved by linking to other molecular structures. By combining the distinctive features of fullerenes and unique physical properties of the linked molecules, advanced fullerene derivative materials with novel physicochemical characteristics can be synthesized. Some of these fullerene derivative materials have been demonstrated to possess great electrical, [9] thermal, [10] optical, [11] photovoltaic, [12] and solubility properties, [12] which could be applied in photovoltaic, [13] optical, [10c] and temperature sensors. [14] The cage-shaped space of fullerene derivatives can be used to trap small molecules. These small molecules, in turn, modify the electronic properties of the fullerene derivatives, leading to various structures of the fullerene derivatives with peculiar and exceptional phenomenon. The design and development of such molecular containers with a discrete structure for the uptake of small molecules represent attractive research targets. Recently, the synthesis of open-cage fullerene with a circular 17-membered-ring opening, which contains one sulfur atom on the rim, was reported. [15] Murata and co-workers trapped N 2 and CO 2 molecules in the confined internal sub-nano spaces of the open-cage fullerene derivatives. Subsequently, by encapsulating a NO molecule into an open-cage fullerene derivative, a metal-free electron spin system was successfully constructed. [16] The synthetic methods to insert small molecules into fullerene derivatives have been extensively studied. [17] Very recently, Han et. al., synthesized a variety of hollow C 60 nanostructures, using the xylene template, with tailored shapes, such as two-node calabash. [18] This methodology not only expands the synthetic Hollow nanostructures are widely used in chemistry, materials, and bioscience due to their excellent electrochemical and photoelectric properties. Recently, hollow fullerene nanostructures with tailored opening and shapes have been synthesized. Here, the transport properties of two-node hollow-fullerene-based ...

Magnetic ε-Phosphorene for Sensing Greenhouse Gas Molecules

“…Two-dimensional (2D) materials demonstrate immense potential as chemical sensors [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], in spintronics applications [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], and in other exotic applications [ 19 ] due to their vast surface-to-volume ratio, potent surface activity, and remarkable electrical conductivity. For instance, Muhmood et al enhanced the photoelectrocatalytic property of a g-C 3 N 4 (with a narrow bandgap)/GNP/AgBr heterojunction through collaborative efforts [ 20 ].…”

Gas-sensing detection in the carbon phosphide monolayer: improving COx sensitivity through B doping

“…7–9 The combination of their intrinsic properties with the capability of controlling them opens up new routes to applying these materials in optoelectronics, 1,10 spintronics, 11,12 thermoelectrics, 13,14 biosensing 15–19 and gas sensing. 20–23…”

“…[7][8][9] The combination of their intrinsic properties with the capability of controlling them opens up new routes to applying these materials in optoelectronics, 1,10 spintronics, 11,12 thermoelectrics, 13,14 biosensing [15][16][17][18][19] and gas sensing. [20][21][22][23] A solid-state gas sensor can detect/identify molecules through an electrical mechanism using the variation in the conductance/resistance. In general, the performance of a gas sensor is characterized by the following parameters: sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, response/recovery time, and stability.…”