Highly Sensitive and Precise Analysis of SF6 Decomposition Component CO by Multi-comb Optical-feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Diode Laser

Wan, Fu; Zhou, Feng; Hu, Jin; Wang, Pinyi; Wang, Jianxin; Chen, Weigen; Zhu, Congshan; Liu, Ye

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46190-z

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, during the process of electric arc, corona discharge, spark, and superheating, SF 6 can be decomposed into SF 2 , SF 3, and SF 4 . Although most of the decomposition products tend to quickly react with F atoms to reform SF 6 molecules, the trace SF 6 decompositions may react with other inevitable gas impurities (mainly H 2 O, O 2, and N 2 ) or materials (electrodes and equipment surfaces), and produce undesirable toxic or corrosive compounds [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] . For example, disulfur decafluoride (S 2 F 10 ) can be produced due to the arcing or corona insulating faults, which is a highly toxic gas with the toxicity of four times that of phosgene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems

Yin

Gao

et al. 2022

Photoacoustics

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In SF 6 insulated high-voltage gas power systems, H 2 O is the most problematic impurity which not only decreases insulation performance but also creates an acidic atmosphere that promotes corrosion. Corrosion damages electrical equipment and leads to leaks, which pose serious safety hazards to people and the environment. A QEPAS-based sensor system for the sub-ppm level H 2 O detection in SF 6 buffer gas was developed by use of a near-infrared commercial DFB diode laser. Since the specific physical constants of SF 6 are strongly different from that of N 2 or air, the resonant frequency and Q -factor of the bare quartz tuning fork (QTF) had changed to 32,763 Hz and 4173, respectively. The optimal vertical detection position was 1.2 mm far from the QTF opening. After the experimental optimization of acoustic micro-resonator (AmR) parameters, gas pressures, and modulation depths, a detection limit of 0.49 ppm was achieved for an averaging time of 1 s, which provided a powerful prevention tool for the safety monitoring in power systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems

Yin

Gao

et al. 2022

Photoacoustics

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“…Chen et al combined UV Light Emitting Diode and cantileverenhanced microphone, based on PAS, in order to detect SO 2 , and an MDL of 0.667 ppm was reached [18]. In addition, Wan et al developed a Mid-Infrared (MIR) CO sensor, using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, which showed an MDL of 18 ppb [19]. Nevertheless, the use of optical methods to directly detect SO 2 F 2 and SOF 2 as the typical decomposed gases from SF 6 , have rarely been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Wan et al. developed a Mid‐Infrared (MIR) CO sensor, using cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy, which showed an MDL of 18 ppb [19]. Nevertheless, the use of optical methods to directly detect SO 2 F 2 and SOF 2 as the typical decomposed gases from SF 6 , have rarely been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical gas sensing of sub‐ppm SO ₂ F ₂ and SOF ₂ from SF ₆ decomposition based on photoacoustic spectroscopy

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

IET Optoelectronics

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SF6 has been recognized worldwide as the main insulating gas for Gas‐Insulated Switchgear (GIS). It is often required to accurately and effectively detect typical SF6 decomposition. In this paper, a sub‐ppm‐level SO2F2 and SOF2 gas sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is proposed and demonstrated. The steel resonant photoacoustic cell with a resonant frequency of 1750 Hz was designed and fabricated. The harmonic detection technique in wavelength modulation spectroscopy was applied to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. A mercury‐cadmium‐telluride photodetector was added in the PAS system to monitor the input optical power, in order to compensate for the errors caused by power fluctuations. SO2F2 and SOF2 were measured by using distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers at 6648 and 7463 nm, respectively. The results show that the proposed sensor performed with favourable linearity within the dynamic range, and reached the minimum detection limit of 0.22 ppm for SO2F2 and 0.28 ppm for SOF2, which indicated its great potential for monitoring the decomposition process of SF6 in GIS.

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“…The improvement of the coupling efficiency by a factor of more than 20 times and neat cavity modes have been observed. Following the first implementation, most existing OF-CRDS setups are based on a V-shape cavity [19][20][21][22]. This is because this cavity geometry could separate the intracavity leak-out light from the unwanted direct reflection at the cavity front mirror, which are suspected to generate optical feedback competition with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Feedback Linear Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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Optical feedback cavity ringdown spectroscopy is presented with a linear Fabry–Pérot cavity and a cost-effective DFB laser. To circumvent the low coupling efficiency caused by the broad laser linewidth, an optical feedback technique is used, and an enhanced coupling efficiency of 31%, mainly limited by impedance mismatch and mode mismatch, is obtained. The trigger of the ringdown event is realized by the shutoff of the laser driving current, and a novel method with the aid of one electronic switch is applied to avoid the ringdown events excited by the unexpected cavity modes during the process of laser current recovery. As a result, the ringdown signal with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2500 is achieved. Through continuous monitoring, the fractional uncertainty of the empty cavity ringdown times is assessed to be 0.04%. An Allan variance analysis indicates a detection sensitivity of 4.3 × 10−10 cm−1 is resulted at an integration time of 120 s, even with a moderate finesse cavity. To further improve the long-term stability, we regularly rectify the empty cavity ringdown time, and an improvement factor of 2.5 is demonstrated.

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Highly Sensitive and Precise Analysis of SF6 Decomposition Component CO by Multi-comb Optical-feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Diode Laser

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems

Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems

Optical gas sensing of sub‐ppm SO ₂ F ₂ and SOF ₂ from SF ₆ decomposition based on photoacoustic spectroscopy

Optical Feedback Linear Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy

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Highly Sensitive and Precise Analysis of SF6 Decomposition Component CO by Multi-comb Optical-feedback Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with a 2.3 μm Diode Laser

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems

Compact QEPAS humidity sensor in SF6 buffer gas for high-voltage gas power systems

Optical gas sensing of sub‐ppm SO 2 F 2 and SOF 2 from SF 6 decomposition based on photoacoustic spectroscopy

Optical Feedback Linear Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy

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Optical gas sensing of sub‐ppm SO ₂ F ₂ and SOF ₂ from SF ₆ decomposition based on photoacoustic spectroscopy