Highly sensitive amperometric sensor for micromolar detection of trichloroacetic acid based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Fe(II)–phtalocyanine modified glassy carbon electrode

Recent Advances on Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Organic Disinfection Byproducts in Water

“…Superior sensitivity and specificity of electrochemical sensors can only be achieved when there are well-covered recognition molecules or labels as bridges for electron transfer between electrodes and target molecules. Up to the present date, redox proteins such as hemoglobin (Hb) (Figure a) ,− ,,− ,− ,, and myoglobin (Mb), ,,,,− ,− metal complexes including porphyrin (Figure b), enzymes like horseradish peroxidase (HRP) , and phthalocyanine, and molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) , (Figure c) have been applied as recognition molecules for electrochemical determination of various DBPs in water. From Table (28 out of 40 references), the application of redox proteins was particularly dominant as compared with other recognition mechanisms.…”

“…This strategy could mimic the same function of large redox proteins (i.e., binding of redox ferric–ferrous species in solution) but provide much improved sensitivity and long-term storage stability. For example, hydroxyferriprotoporphyrin (hematin), a mimic of hemeprotein, and phtalocyanine was demonstrated to dechlorinate TCA to acetic acid efficiently with wider detection range and lower LoD than those of previously reported Mb and Hb enabled electrochemical sensors.…”

“…Therefore, they have been considered as more promising alternatives as electrode materials and received far more attention in electrochemical detection of DBPs (see Table ). In reported literature, glassy carbon electrode (GCE) − ,,,, and carbon paste electrode (CPE) are examples of carbon electrodes. Between them, an improved version of CPE, such as carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), has been developed and utilized as it is a strong preference for electrochemical sensors − ,− ,− ,− ,, owing to less electrode fouling and better electron transfer kinetics .…”

Electrochemical determination of trichloroacetic acid using an ionic liquid functionalized graphene–AgPd alloy nanoparticle composite modified electrode with the enhancement effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

“…To overcome these shortcomings, electron transfer mediator modied electrodes were developed. [12][13][14][15][16] For example, Dai et al 13 used the layer-by-layer assembly technique to fabricate a chitosan/titanate nanotube/thionine lm modi-ed electrode. The electrode showed a linear detection range of 15 mM to 1.5 mM with a detection limit of 6.0 mM, and it had good selectivity.…”

“…The electrode showed a linear detection range of 15 mM to 1.5 mM with a detection limit of 6.0 mM, and it had good selectivity. Kurd et al 14 prepared a TCA sensor by immobilizing phthalocyanine (Pc) and Fe(II) on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modied glassy carbon electrode. The sensor possessed high sensitivity and a low detection limit (i.e.…”