Highly Sensitive Amperometric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Saliva Based on N-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons and MnO2 Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

Abstract

Four different graphene-based nanomaterials (htGO, N-htGO, htGONR, and N-htGONR) were synthesized, characterized, and used as a modifier of carbon paste electrode (CPE) in order to produce a reliable, precise, and highly sensitive non-enzymatic amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor for complex matrices. CPE, with their robustness, reliability, and ease of modification, present a convenient starting point for the development of new sensors. Modification of CPE was optimized by systematically changing the type and concentration of materials in the modifier and studying the prepared electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry. N-htGONR in combination with manganese dioxide (1:1 ratio) proved to be the most appropriate material for detection of hydrogen peroxide in pharmaceutical and saliva matrices. The developed sensor exhibited a wide linear range (1.0–300 µM) and an excellent limit of detection (0.08 µM) and reproducibility, as well as high sensitivity and stability. The sensor was successfully applied to real sample analysis, where the recovery values for a commercially obtained pharmaceutical product were between 94.3% and 98.0%. Saliva samples of a user of the pharmaceutical product were also successfully analyzed.

Biosensor nanoarchitectonics of Cu–Fe-nanoparticles/Zeolite-A/Graphene nanocomposite for enhanced electrooxidation and dopamine detection

“…11 (C). The proposed sensor has a relative sensitivity of about 1.97 μAμM −1 cm −2 whereas the LOD was found to be 0.058 μM, which was calculated by using the 3S/k approach [ 17 ] and LOQ of the biosensor was also calculated which was found to be 1.78 μM. Table .1 shows a brief literature summary of electrochemical sensing performance of various developed electrodes for the detection of dopamine.…”

Highly Sensitive and Selective Graphene Nanoribbon Based Enzymatic Glucose Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor

“…For this work, quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbon derivative N-htGONR was chosen due to its unique properties that reflect in a wide array of exciting new possibilities in the development of novel devices and materials [41]. Specifically, nitrogen doped quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures were previously successfully applied to use in a highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor by our research group [42]. In the presented work, N-htGONRs were chosen because of their unique electrochemical behavior and the possibility for the precise detection of their glucose concentrations.…”

Conducting Polymers in Amperometric Sensors: A State of the Art over the Last 15 Years with a Focus on Polypyrrole-, Polythiophene-, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Materials

“…According to the response mechanism, electrochemical sensors can be classified into potentiometric, amperometric, and impedimetric sensors. Some recent advances in each of these classes can be found in references [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Although impedimetric sensors are often more sensitive than amperometric ones, these are commonly preferred due to the easier performance of the amperometry measure, as well as current data collection and interpretation [38].…”