“…A simple one‐pot pyrolysis strategy was also applied by Wang and coworkers to produce superfine Ru particles dispersed in the N‐doped carbon (Ru/CN) using melamine, glucose, and ruthenium trichloride as starting materials (Figure 44). [7a] A broad set of halogenated nitroarenes selectively reduced to corresponding haloanilines in the presence of Ru/CN as a heterogeneous catalyst (Scheme 72). The interaction between Ru and N was the main factor affecting the catalytic activity because it could promote the production of hydrogen in an electron‐rich state.…”
Design and preparation of low‐cost, effective, and novel catalysts are important topics in the field of heterogeneous catalysis from academic and industrial perspectives. Recently, heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal materials have received significant attention as promising catalysts in divergent organic reactions. Incorporation of heteroatom into the carbon framework can tailor the properties of carbon, providing suitable interaction between support and metal, resulting in superior catalytic performance compared with those of traditional pure carbon/metal catalytic systems. In this review, we try to underscore the recent advances in the design, preparation, and application of heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal catalysts towards various organic transformations.
“…A simple one‐pot pyrolysis strategy was also applied by Wang and coworkers to produce superfine Ru particles dispersed in the N‐doped carbon (Ru/CN) using melamine, glucose, and ruthenium trichloride as starting materials (Figure 44). [7a] A broad set of halogenated nitroarenes selectively reduced to corresponding haloanilines in the presence of Ru/CN as a heterogeneous catalyst (Scheme 72). The interaction between Ru and N was the main factor affecting the catalytic activity because it could promote the production of hydrogen in an electron‐rich state.…”
Design and preparation of low‐cost, effective, and novel catalysts are important topics in the field of heterogeneous catalysis from academic and industrial perspectives. Recently, heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal materials have received significant attention as promising catalysts in divergent organic reactions. Incorporation of heteroatom into the carbon framework can tailor the properties of carbon, providing suitable interaction between support and metal, resulting in superior catalytic performance compared with those of traditional pure carbon/metal catalytic systems. In this review, we try to underscore the recent advances in the design, preparation, and application of heteroatom‐doped porous carbon/metal catalysts towards various organic transformations.
“…1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.14 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (dd, J = 7.9, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (bs, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H). 13 52 2-Chloro-6-isopropylaniline (22b). 22b was prepared according to the general procedure on a 1 mmol scale and obtained in a 66% yield, as a dark brown oil.…”
Section: ■ General Synthesis Of Boc-deprotectionmentioning
We report a highly efficient ortho-selective
electrophilic chlorination
of phenols utilizing a Lewis basic selenoether catalyst. The selenoether
catalyst resulted in comparable selectivities to our previously reported
bis-thiourea ortho-selective catalyst, with a catalyst loading as
low as 1%. The new catalytic system also allowed us to extend this
chemistry to obtain excellent ortho-selectivities for unprotected
anilines. The selectivities of this reaction are up to >20:1 ortho/para,
while the innate selectivities for phenols and anilines are approximately
1:4 ortho/para. A series of preliminary studies revealed that the
substrates require a hydrogen-bonding moiety for selectivity.
“…8 Therefore, the scientific and industrial communities have paid extensive research to the efficient conversion of halogenated nitrobenzene into halogenated aniline with high selectivity. 9−13 A series of heterogeneous catalysts based on noble metal Ru, 14 Pd, 6 and Pt 15 were developed in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzene and exhibited excellent catalytic performance. Unfortunately, the high cost and poor selectivity limited their large-scale application.…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A series of heterogeneous catalysts based on noble metal Ru, Pd, and Pt were developed in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzene and exhibited excellent catalytic performance. Unfortunately, the high cost and poor selectivity limited their large-scale application .…”
Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrocompound is an environment-benign strategy for the production of important aniline intermediates. Herein, MCM-41 was synthesized from sepiolite via an in situ self-assembled method, and the modified MCM-41 supported nickel-based catalysts were prepared and applied in halogenated nitrobenzene hydrogenation to halogenated aniline. As compared to Ni/MCM-41, the Sn-or La-modified MCM-41 supported nickel-based catalysts exhibited better catalytic performance. The electron transfer from Sn or La species to Ni led to a downshift in the d-band center of Ni, which was in favor of H desorption and hence promoted hydrogenation activity. It was found that chloronitrobenzene preferred the tilted adsorption orientation mode on the surface of Ni−Sn and Ni−La 2 O 3 to flat adsorption orientation. Moreover, the C−Cl bond scission on Ni−Sn and Ni−La 2 O 3 was thermodynamically unfavorable in comparison with pure-phased Ni, leading to higher selectivity to chloroaniline. Ni/LaMCM-41-NH 2 gave the best catalytic performance of 100% conversion and 99.6% selectivity to m-chloroaniline.
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