Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH3NH3PbI3

Park, Min-Cheol; Cho, Woohyung; Lee, Gunhee; Hong, Sung-Hwa; Kim, Min-cheol; Yoon, Jungwon; Ahn, Namyoung; Choi, Mansoo

doi:10.1002/smll.201804005

Cited by 103 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Then they were respectively converted into MAPbI 3 and CsFAMAPbI 3−x Br x perovskite films by spray coating the solution of the organic precursors, as reported in the experimental section. [6,8] We ascribe this to the PbI 2 NC precursor layer, which provides a large amount of perovskite nucleation centers. Both the tips and the valleys of the pyramids are well covered by spraying 2.0 mL of PbI 2 NC ink with a concentration of 0.3 mg mL −1 in IPA.…”

Section: Wwwadvmattechnoldementioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐Friendly Spray Deposition of Perovskite Films on Macroscale Textured Surfaces

Sansoni

Bastiani

Aydın

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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are directly realized on top of a silicon bottom cell. Utilizing commercial crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers brings a technological challenge since the perovskite device needs then to be fabricated on wafers that feature micron-scale randomly distributed pyramidal texture, an imperative characteristic for industrial c-Si solar cells for minimizing reflection losses. The PSCs owe their present prominence to their high PCE obtained via solutiondeposition techniques, which is arguably cheaper and simpler compared to conventional vacuum-based deposition for device fabrication. From this perspective, it is required to make solution-based processing of perovskite solar cells compatible with the use of micron-scale textured substrates. Among solution processing techniques, spin coating is widespread due to its process simplicity, ease of access, and because high-quality polycrystalline perovskite films can be obtained. However, this technique is not suitable for upscaling toward industrialization. Also, considering suggestions for large-scale applications in which spin coating is translated into blade coating, the application of this technique usually results in high material consumption, which is undesirable for a sustainable low-cost production. Moreover, spin coating the perovskite layer on textured silicon bottom cells represents a challenge by itself which, to date, reportedly led to poor coverage of the films resulting in low-performing tandems. [2,3] At present, 2T tandems are mainly realized following two approaches. In the first case, the c-Si bottom cell features a mirror-polished flat front surface to accommodate spin-coated perovskite films. However, this causes reflection losses in the device, which hamper the overall PCE and require additional antireflective coatings or foils. [4] In the second case, the perovskite is deposited on textured c-Si via hybrid conversion, where the perovskite precursors, lead(II) iodide (PbI 2 ) and cesium bromide (CsBr), are thermally evaporated on the c-Si bottom cell and then converted into perovskite by spin coating the organic ammonium salts (formamidinium iodide/bromide, FAI, and FABr, respectively). [2] In this case, the limiting factor is represented by fine-tuning the conversion process. Overall, both techniques strongly rely on spin coating as a deposition/ conversion method, which still represents a roadblock toward scaling-up for commercialization. Indeed, for successful PV An innovative sequential eco-friendly spray coating (SEF-SC) technique is developed to uniformly deposit metal halide perovskite films on macroscale textured surfaces, such as textured crystalline-silicon wafers. Contrasting with previous work on spray-coated perovskite solar cells, the method presented in this work completely avoids the use of toxic and dangerous solvents. Both MAPbI 3 and CsFAMAPbI 3−x Br x perovskite films deposited by SEF-SC show excellent optoelectronic properties and no phase segregation, even when synthesized in ambient conditions. Uniform perovskite coatings are obtained...

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Section: Wwwadvmattechnoldementioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐Friendly Spray Deposition of Perovskite Films on Macroscale Textured Surfaces

Sansoni

Bastiani

Aydın

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…With megasonic spray-coating, PVK films were prepared at low temperature with an anti-solvent-free process, resulting in a PCE of 14.2% in a 1 cm 2 active area. 95 Recently, a high-efficiency PVK solar module using a large-scale solution process rather than spin coating has been reported through process factor optimization and the development of a new method. Currently, 11.1% PCE of 168.75 cm 2 PVK module and 16.9% PCE of 63.7 cm 2 size by slot-die coating and blade coating have been reported, respectively.…”

Section: Solution and Evaporation Process For Large-scale Pvk Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy for large‐scale monolithic Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cell: A review of recent progress

Kim

Jung

Noh

et al. 2021

EcoMat

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For any solar cell technology to reach the final mass-production/commercialization stage, it must meet all technological, economic, and social criteria such as high efficiency, large-area scalability, long-term stability, price competitiveness, and environmental friendliness of constituent materials. Until now, various solar cell technologies have been proposed and investigated, but only crystalline silicon, CdTe, and CIGS technologies have overcome the threshold of mass-production/commercialization. Recently, a perovskite/silicon (PVK/Si) tandem solar cell technology with high efficiency of 29.1% has been reported, which exceeds the theoretical limit of single-junction solar cells as well as the efficiency of stand-alone silicon or perovskite solar cells. The International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaics (ITRPV) predicts that silicon-based tandem solar cells will account for about 5% market share in 2029 and among various candidates, the combination of silicon and perovskite is the most likely scenario. Here, we classify and review the PVK/Si tandem solar cell technology in terms of homo-and hetero-junction silicon solar cells, the doping type of the bottom silicon cell, and the corresponding so-called normal and inverted structure of the top perovskite cell, along with mechanical and monolithic tandemization schemes. In particular, we review and discuss the recent advances in manufacturing top perovskite cells using solution and vacuum deposition technology for large-area scalability and specific issues of recombination layers and top transparent electrodes for large-area PVK/Si tandem solar cells, which are indispensable for the final commercialization of tandem solar cells.

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“…Following this, a series of approaches have been explored to improve film uniformity and device performance. These include the use of two-step deposition protocols 16 , continuous soaking of the substrate 17 , anti-solvent bath treatments 18 , the use of multiple spray-passes 19 , low vacuum treatments 20 , megasonic spray-coating 21 , and hot-air treatments 22 . Indeed, many groups can now reliably produce spray-coated PSCs with an average PCE in the mid-teens with the best devices reaching a reverse scan PCE of 18.5% and a stabilised PCE of 17.3% 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to emphasize that the majority of papers on spray-coated PSCs rely on spin-coating to deposit the electron and hole transport layers that are used to extract charges from the active perovskite layer [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]26,27 . Ideally however, spray-coating should be used to deposit all solution processable layers within a PSC as this would replicate a practical manufacture process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Spray-Coated Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Bishop

Read

Smith

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

109

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We use ultrasonic spray-coating to sequentially deposit thin films of tin oxide, a triple-cation perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD, allowing us fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a champion reverse scan power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.4% on small-area substrates. We show that the use of spraydeposition permits us to rapidly (>80 mm s −1) coat 25 mm × 75 mm substrates that were divided into a series of devices each with an active area of 15.4 mm 2 , yielding an average PCE of 10.3% and a peak PCE of 16.3%. By connecting seven 15.4 mm 2 devices in parallel on a single substrate, we create a device having an effective active area of 1.08 cm 2 and a PCE of 12.7%. This work demonstrates the possibility for spray-coating to fabricate high efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells at speed.

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Highly Reproducible Large‐Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication via Continuous Megasonic Spray Coating of CH₃NH₃PbI₃

Cited by 103 publications

References 44 publications

Eco‐Friendly Spray Deposition of Perovskite Films on Macroscale Textured Surfaces

Eco‐Friendly Spray Deposition of Perovskite Films on Macroscale Textured Surfaces

Strategy for large‐scale monolithic Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cell: A review of recent progress

Fully Spray-Coated Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

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