“…The widely used inorganic nanomaterials mainly include carbon material (activated carbon [22], graphene oxide (GO) [61,144], graphene (GN) [145,146], carbon nanotubes (CNT) [147], carbon soot (CS) [148], etc. ), metal oxide (Al 2 O 3 [132,149], TiO 2 [117,150,151], SiO 2 [122,152], Fe 3 O 4 [153,154], etc. ), and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) [59,155].…”