Highly porous Ti₄O₇ reactive electrochemical water filtration membranes fabricated via electrospinning/electrospraying

Abstract

in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com)Porous, flexible, reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs) for water purification were synthesized by a novel simultaneous electrospinning/electrospraying (E/E) technique, which produced a network of poly(sulfone) fibers and Ti 4 O 7 particles as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the kinetics for water electrolysis reactions and the Fe(CN) 6 42/32 redox couple were enhanced by Ti 4 O 7 deposition using the E/E technique. Membrane filtration experiments using phenol as a model contaminant showed a 2.6-fold enhancement in the observed first-order rate constant for phenol oxidation (k obs,phenol ) in filtration mode relative to cross-flow operation. Phenol oxidation in filtration mode was approaching the pore diffusion mass transfer limit, and was 6 to 8 times higher than measured in a previous study that utilized a ceramic Ti 4 O 7 REM operated in filtration mode and is comparable to rate constants obtained with carbon nanotube flow-through reactors, which are among the highest reported in the literature to date.

A reactive electrochemical filter system with an excellent penetration flux porous Ti/SnO2–Sb filter for efficient contaminant removal from water

“…In addition, it is worth noting that RhB oxidation in ow-through mode reached an observed rate constant (k obs, RhB , m s À1 ) of 5.76 Â 10 À4 m s À1 at an anode potential of 3.04 V vs. SCE ($8.5 mA cm À2 ) (see Table 1), which is much higher than the highest rate constants observed in the reactive electrochemical lter systems in owthrough mode with carbon nanotube and/or Ti 4 O 7 (1.7 Â 10 À5 -1.4 Â 10 À4 m s À1 ) reported in the literature to date. 14,[39][40][41] Once again, these results demonstrate the benet of the reactive electrochemical lter system in ow-through mode using a porous Ti/SnO 2 -Sb lter with an excellence penetration ux.…”

Recent Progress in One- and Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Electro-Responsive Membranes: Versatile and Smart Applications from Fouling Mitigation to Tuning Mass Transport

“…In terms of electrical conductivity, CNTs demonstrate remarkable value ranging from 10 4 –10 5 S/cm, which is approximately 100 times higher than copper [ 39 ]. Other 1D materials that have been used in the preparation of ERMs include Ti 4 O 7 [ 40 , 41 , 42 ] and lead zirconate titanate (Pb (1-x) Zr x TiO 3 [ 43 ].…”

Size Control of Ti4O7 Nanoparticles by Carbothermal Reduction Using a Multimode Microwave Furnace

“…In addition, Ti 4 O 7 shows high corrosion resistance [5] and high stability in electrochemical environments [3] as well as acidic electrolytes [6]. From these features, it is possible to use Ti 4 O 7 in different applications, such as unitized regenerative fuel cells [7,8], polymer electrolyte fuel cells [9][10][11], lithium-sulfur batteries [12][13][14], and water filtration systems [15,16].…”