Highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles synthesized via simple thermal treatment and their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

Tachibana, Naoki; Ikeda, Saori; Yukawa, Y.; Kawaguchi, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.034

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Thus, the dispersion of ZnCl 2 in the intermediate carbon and the activation temperature were completely different to Deng et al These results indicate that the type of nitrogen group in NDC is heavily dependent on the activation process. Tachibana et al 27 argued that the most active nitrogen species in nitrogen-doped porous carbon was quaternary N. Notably, the ratio of quaternary N in the synthesized NDCs was much higher than the other types of nitrogen groups, 28,29 indicating that the method proposed in this study has the advantage of introducing quaternary N; this group is effective in enhancing oxygen reduction activity into the carbon structure selectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In the current density range of 100 mA cm ¹2 , all NDCs demonstrated a higher electrode potential than CB. We infer that these high potentials are caused by the nitrogen-doping effect; Tachibana et al 27 reported that nitrogen-doped carbon exhibits a higher election transfer number than CB, resulting in higher Electrochemistry, 89(1), 36-42 (2021) electrode potential. They also suggested that selective doping of quaternary N is effective in terms of electrode performance, despite the presence of a lower amount of nitrogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, the obtained nitrogen content in this study is comparable to that of NDCs prepared by surface modification of CB, that exhibit high GDE performance. 27 As such, it is considered that the lower nitrogen content obtained (less than 2 at%) would be also effective in enhancing its oxygen reduction activity. Peak separation of the N 1s spectra and the assignment of these peaks was conducted to determine the nitrogen species in the carbon structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Tachibana et al reported on NDC preparation by means of a cyanamide coating for CB and evaluated GDE performance. 27 Their proposed synthesis method for NDCs was advantageous in that the hierarchical microstructure of CB could be used as a template for the microstructure of NDCs. They were able to successfully fabricate a highly porous NDC and demonstrated better GDE performance than that of the chitosan-derived NDCs, 27 despite a much lower nitrogen content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Their proposed synthesis method for NDCs was advantageous in that the hierarchical microstructure of CB could be used as a template for the microstructure of NDCs. They were able to successfully fabricate a highly porous NDC and demonstrated better GDE performance than that of the chitosan-derived NDCs, 27 despite a much lower nitrogen content. These results strongly suggest that further microstructure control of chitosan-derived NDCs is required to improve GDE performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Activation of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Derived from Chitosan with ZnCl<sub>2</sub> to Produce a High-performance Gas Diffusion-type Oxygen Electrode

et al. 2021

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In this study, we fabricated nitrogen-doped carbons (NDCs) derived from chitosan using a new synthesis method that combines the thermal decomposition of chitosan and chemical activation with ZnCl 2 . Then, the effect of the activation temperature on the microstructure of NDCs was investigated. The performance of a gas diffusion-type oxygen electrode (GDE) using the obtained NDCs was evaluated using an oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline solution. Finally, the relationship between the microstructure of NDCs and electrode performance was discussed. The surface area and total pore volume of the fabricated NDCs tended to increase with activation temperature, despite decreasing nitrogen content. Additionally, we found that the overpotential of GDE decreases with an increase in specific surface area and total pore volume. The microstructure of the NDCs was found to play a key role in improving the performance of GDEs. Furthermore, the GDE composed of fabricated NDCs with a high surface area and high pore volume exhibited a reduced activation overpotential than that of conventional Pt-loaded carbon black.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical Activation of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Derived from Chitosan with ZnCl<sub>2</sub> to Produce a High-performance Gas Diffusion-type Oxygen Electrode

et al. 2021

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Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2019

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Replacing precious platinum with earth-abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells has been the objective worldwide for several decades. In the last ten years, the fastestgrowing branch in this area has been carbon-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts. Great progress has been made in promoting the performance and understanding the underlying fundamentals.Here, a comprehensive review of this field is presented by emphasizing the emerging issues including the predictive design and controllable construction of porous structures and doping configurations, mechanistic understanding from the model catalysts, integrated experimental and theoretical studies, and performance evaluation in full cells. Centering on these topics, the most upto-date results are presented, along with remarks and perspectives for the future development of carbon-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts.

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Engineering Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Lin

Miao

Wallace

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal-air batteries, the ORR starts from the adsorption of O 2 molecules at the cathode, electrochemical activation of the OO bond, and then the formation of O-containing groups such as OOH*, O*, and OH*. In this way, O 2 is reduced by the electrons (Figure 1a). [4] The efficiency of these energy devices is usually determined by that of the ORR process. However, the strong bond energy of OO (498 kJ mol −1 ) means that the ORR at the electrode is not easy, especially compared to the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR: H 2 →2H + + 2e − ) at the anode of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells (Figure 1a). Improvement of OO bond activation and cleavage with catalysts is therefore highly important in developing efficient energy storage and conversion systems as well as fast and efficient chemical production techniques.Nevertheless, in industry, the most common ORR catalysts are still Pt-based materials, which are prohibitively expensive for wider application (Figure 1b). [5] There is a pressing need to explore alternative electrocatalysts that are cheap and stable. Significant efforts have been made to develop alternative materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, alloys, metal-organic frameworks/MOFs, single atom catalyst) and investigate their catalytic mechanisms, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] but challenges remain. In 2009, Dai's group reported using doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to catalyze ORR that exhibited better catalytic efficiency than commercial Pt/C electrodes in alkaline media. [13] It should be noted that, in alkaline media, the hydroxide conducting polymeric membranes (e.g., in anion exchange membrane fuel cells) are unstable and have poor resistance to CO 2 , while the overpotentials for hydrogen oxidation are also high. [14][15][16] Compared to metal-based catalysts, carbon materials have significant merits of outstanding anti-corrosion performance and electrochemical durability, as well as the possibility of low-cost manufacture. This combination means that carbon materials are seen as highly promising candidates to replace precious metals as ORR. In the years following Dai's pioneering work, various other doped carbon materials were further developed and their catalytic mechanisms investigated. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Some more recent studies explored this further and suggested that active intrinsic carbon structural defects are associated with efficient ORR catalysis (Figure 2b). [23][24][25][26] Although great progress has been achieved on this topic, the origin and mechanism of the ORR activity are still not fully clear. Beyond the catalytic activity, no pattern has been established in the selectivityThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key energy conversion reaction involved in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and hydrogen peroxide production. Proliferation and improvement of the ORR requires wider use of new and existing high performance catalysts; unfortunately, most of these are still based on precious metals and become uneconomical in massuse ...

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Highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles synthesized via simple thermal treatment and their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

Cited by 37 publications

References 85 publications

Chemical Activation of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Derived from Chitosan with ZnCl<sub>2</sub> to Produce a High-performance Gas Diffusion-type Oxygen Electrode

Chemical Activation of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Derived from Chitosan with ZnCl<sub>2</sub> to Produce a High-performance Gas Diffusion-type Oxygen Electrode

Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future

Engineering Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reactions

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