Highly porous iron-zirconium binary oxide for efficient removal of Congo Red from water

Designing water-stable and sustainable adsorbents for wastewater management has gained significant importance nowadays. This paper reports coprecipitation-induced rapid synthesis of a highly porous ternary metal oxide (TMO), its characterization, and efficient removal of malachite green (MG) from simulated water by a batch method. The material was characterized by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, point of zero charge (pH zpc ), and chemical analysis. With a high surface area of 185.04 m 2 /g, TMO offers an excellent adsorption capacity of 133 mg/g under optimized conditions. pHdependent adsorption was seen, and maximum adsorption was attained at the neutral condition, i.e., pH 7. Intraparticle diffusion (R 2 = 0.998) and a combined Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model (R 2 = 0.987−0.998) best describe the adsorption pathway, suggesting that the process undergoes diffusive mass transfer and multilayer adsorption. The adsorption mechanism is proposed to be a combination of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Thermodynamic parameters suggest a spontaneous (ΔG, −3.335 kJ/mol), feasible, and exothermic (ΔH, −8.436 kJ/mol) process. The low activation energy (3.459 kJ/mol) suggests a physisorption process. The material can be regenerated up to 83% by 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and reused for up to four cycles without significant loss of activity.

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“…The data table is given in the Supporting Information (Tables S3 and S4). Similar observations were reported earlier. − …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In line with this, we have earlier shown that bimetallic oxides, metal oxide-fabricated ethylene diamine composites, refined pyrolusite, cobalt oxide nanoparticles, and nickel oxide nanoparticles work well with various dyes. − …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Highly Porous Iron–Zirconium–Zinc Ternary Metal Oxide Scaffold: Facile Synthesis and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water

et al. 2020

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“…We have previously shown the synthesis of binary iron-zirconium-mixed metal oxide using the coprecipitation technique and related composites for the removal of dyes. 50 , 51 , 58 Recently, we have shown sucrose-supported self-sustained combustive synthesis of nanoscale cobalt oxide and its dye detoxification property. 59 Major processes that were followed to synthesize nickel oxide-based adsorbents are precipitation, sol–gel, hydrothermal, and microwave heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose-Triggered, Self-Sustained Combustive Synthesis of Magnetic Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water

Mohanta

Dey²,

Dey

2020

ACS Omega

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Dye-containing industrial effluents create major concern nowadays. To address the problem, magnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles (NONPs) were synthesized using the autopropagator combustion technique assisted by sucrose as fuel and used for the removal of toxic malachite green (MG) from water. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetism (VSM), point of zero charge (pH ZPC ), and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area analysis. SEM images show flowerlike texture with the presence of multiple pores. VSM reveals a well-defined hysteresis at room temperature, confirming a permanent magnetic nature of the material. pH ZPC was found to be 6.63, which enables dye separation in the drinking water pH range. MG removal from water was carried out in the batch mode with optimized physicochemical parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, and dose. Langmuir adsorption capacity was estimated to be 87.72 mg/g. Pseudo-second order kinetics ( R 2 = 0.999) and Langmuir isotherm model ( R 2 = 0.997) were found to best fit. The magnetic nature facilitates fast and quantitative separation of NONPs from solution using a hand-held magnet. Dye-loaded NONPs can be easily regenerated up to 89% and reused up to five cycles without significant loss of activity. The mechanism of adsorption is proposed to be a combination of electrostatic attraction and weak hydrogen bonding. Strategically designed straightforward synthetic protocol, low cost, high uptake capacity, and sustainable use render NONPs an ideal alternative for future dye treatment.

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“…Earlier we have shown the range of activation energies in different dye–adsorbent systems. 34 − 36 The results of thermodynamic analysis as well as the activation energy data together suggest that adsorption proceeded through physisorption predominantly, which is underlined by the adherence of the adsorbate molecules to the solid (adsorbent) surface by van der Waals forces or other weak intermolecular forces. Hence, the adsorption mechanism is proposed to be a combination of various forces including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interaction.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dewaxed Honeycomb as an Economic and Sustainable Scavenger for Malachite Green from Water

et al. 2020

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Dewaxed honeycomb powder (HCP) was used as a promising adsorbent for removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. Raw honeycomb was strategically dewaxed by petroleum ether, and the purified product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pH zpc , and proximate analysis. A high uptake capacity (123 mg/g) was found at neutral pH. Experimental data follow pseudo-second-order kinetics ( k 2 as 0.45 × 10 –2 g/min/mg, R 2 = 0.986) and Langmuir isotherm with R 2 0.999. Thermodynamic parameters suggested a spontaneous (Δ G = −26.28 kJ/mol) and exothermic (Δ H = −11.61 kJ/mol) process, which suggests increased randomness (Δ S = 0.0486 kJ/mol) at the solid–liquid interface during the adsorption process. The material can be regenerated by ordinary salt solution (1 M NaCl) and efficiently reused for three cycles with a minimal loss in efficiency. Adsorption mechanism is proposed to be a combination of electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking between aromatic units of HCP and MG. Abundant availability, possibility of wax commercialization, economic sustainability, and comprehensive waste management make HCP an ideal choice for dye decolorization.

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Highly porous iron-zirconium binary oxide for efficient removal of Congo Red from water

Cited by 18 publications

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Highly Porous Iron–Zirconium–Zinc Ternary Metal Oxide Scaffold: Facile Synthesis and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water

Highly Porous Iron–Zirconium–Zinc Ternary Metal Oxide Scaffold: Facile Synthesis and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water

Sucrose-Triggered, Self-Sustained Combustive Synthesis of Magnetic Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water

Dewaxed Honeycomb as an Economic and Sustainable Scavenger for Malachite Green from Water

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