Highly photoactive Ag‐based urchin‐like E‐g‐C ₃ N ₄ /TiO ₂ ternary composite photocatalyst

Abstract

Herein, silver (Ag)-based urchin-like E-graphite carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (E-g-C 3 N 4/ TiO 2) ternary composite was successfully synthesised via hydrothermal process and it showed excellent photocatalytic activity. The large interfacial contact between threedimensional (3D) urchin-like TiO 2 (UT) and g-C 3 N 4 leads to high photocatalytic activity, compared with pure 3D UT. To enlarge the response of light and enhance the charge carriers' transfer, the Ag nanoparticles with average sizes of 13 nm were loaded on the surface of g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2. Photodegradation test results of RhB shown that the 3% Ag-based urchin-like E-g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composite has the highest catalytic activity, which reaches 97.98%. Thus, the material has a promising application for the degradation of organics.

Emerging and Promising Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Textile Application Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterostructure Nanocomposites

“…The construction of ternary Ag/TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 heterostructures represents a very promising strategy for achieving the enhanced photocatalytic performance of semiconductor nanocomposites under visible light irradiation [ 43 , 45 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ]. Various approaches for the synthesis of Ag/TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites have been reported in the literature.…”

“…One of these proposes the preparation of a mixture of Ag, TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 precursors and the synthesis of an Ag/TiO 2 /melamine nanocomposite at 70 °C, followed by calcination of the nanocomposite at 550 °C, to produce g-C 3 N 4 from melamine ( Figure 11 a) [ 126 ]. Another strategy is to mix previously synthesized TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 , followed by the addition of an AgNO 3 precursor and synthesis of Ag NPs in the presence of a g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 mixture or previously prepared TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite ( Figure 11 b1,b2) [ 45 , 115 , 123 , 124 ]. A TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 composite was also prepared by the synthesis of g-C 3 N 4 from a suitable precursor in the presence of TiO 2 or through the synthesis of TiO 2 from a suitable precursor in the presence of g-C 3 N 4 , followed by the synthesis of Ag NPs from an AgNO 3 precursor in a reduction reaction in the presence of TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite ( Figure 11 c1,c2) [ 108 , 116 , 117 ].…”

“…After excitation, photogenerated e - can easily be transferred from the more negative CB of g-C 3 N 4 to the less negative CB of TiO 2 and, at the same time, h + can be easily transferred from the more positive VB of TiO 2 to the less positive VB of g-C 3 N 4 (Type-II mechanism). When Ag is deposited on TiO 2 in TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 , e - can be transferred from the CB of TiO 2 and trapped by Ag due to the Schottky barrier formed at the interface of the Ag and TiO 2 ( Figure 12 b) [ 117 , 121 , 122 , 124 , 126 ]. This promotes the separation of charge carriers and significantly enhances the photocatalytic activity.…”

“…In the literature, an Ag/TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 ternary nanocomposite has not yet been applied to textile fibers, although it has been established as a powerful nanomaterial for the photocatalytic degradation of various dyes [ 43 , 108 , 113 , 116 , 118 , 121 , 123 , 124 ], phenol [ 118 ], acetaldehyde [ 119 ], formaldehyde [ 117 ], ammonia [ 109 ], and carbon dioxide [ 122 ]; hard metals, such as hexavalent chromium [ 108 , 109 ]; and uranium from uranium-containing wastewater [ 45 ]. Ag/TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite has already been used for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [ 115 , 126 ], solar water oxidation [ 112 ], electron transport in organic solar cells [ 114 ], vitamin B3 production [ 110 ], and as an antibacterial agent [ 108 , 111 ].…”

Recent Advances in Cryogenic 3D Printing Technologies

“…Zhao et al developed a heat transfer model to efficiently and reliably predict the temperature evolution of the printed materials and the waiting time between the layers for any input geometry. [ 29 ] Furthermore, they proposed a heuristic tool path planning method. [ 30 ] It was found that the tool path planning highly affects the spatial and temporal temperature distribution of the being printed part, and the optimized tool path planning can effectively improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution.…”