Highly Penetrable Drug-Loaded Nanomotors for Photothermal-Enhanced Ferroptosis Treatment of Tumor

Abstract

A kind of drug-loaded nanomotors with deep penetration was developed to improve the therapeutic effect of ferroptosis on tumor. The nanomotors were constructed by co-loading hemin and ferrocene (Fc) on the surface of bowl-shaped polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles. The near-infrared response of PDA makes the nanomotor have high tumor penetration capability. In vitro experiments show that the nanomotors can exhibit good biocompatibility, high light to heat conversion efficiency, and deep tumor permeability. It is worth noting that under the catalysis of H2O2 overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, the Fenton-like reagents hemin and Fc loaded on the nanomotors can increase the concentration of toxic •OH. Furthermore, hemin can consume glutathione in tumor cells and trigger the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1, which can efficiently decompose hemin to Fe2+, thus producing the Fenton reaction and causing a ferroptosis effect. Notably, thanks to the photothermal effect of PDA, it can enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species and thus intervene in the Fenton reaction process, thereby enhancing the ferroptosis effect photothermally. In vivo antitumor results show that the drug-loaded nanomotors with high penetrability showed an effective antitumor therapeutic effect.

Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance of Flexible BMT‐Based Thin Film Capacitors

“…To compare the energy storage performances of the present BMT‐based flexible films with those in previous work, the W rec and E b of PVDF‐based, [ 31–35 ] Lead‐based, [ 9,36–41 ] BFO‐based, [ 4,14,15,42–44 ] and NBT‐based [ 6,11–13,45–47 ] film dielectrics are summarized in Figure a. Notably, the W rec was less than 100 J cm −3 for most film capacitors, and the 1.5% Mn‐BMT 0.7 film exhibits relatively high W rec of 124 J cm −3 with a moderate E b of 3292 kV cm −1 , which is benefited from the crossover of amorphous structure and Mn‐doping.…”

In vivoapplications of micro/nanorobots

“…Apart from the studies conducted on animal skin, subcutaneous tumor models have been a widely preferred way of investigating micro/nanorobots in vivo. [119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127] In general, different cancer cell lines, e.g., breast and cervical, were subcutaneously injected into animals to establish tumors. When the tumor models reached a considerable size, micro/nanorobots were injected into the blood or directly into the tumor site.…”

“…Apart from the studies conducted on animal skin, subcutaneous tumor models have been a widely preferred way of investigating micro/nanorobots in vivo . 119–127 In general, different cancer cell lines, e.g. , breast and cervical, were subcutaneously injected into animals to establish tumors.…”

Biocompatible Polymer‐Modified Nanoplatform for Ferroptosis‐Enhanced Combination Cancer Therapy

“…To achieve effective tumor ablation, a high temperature of above 50 °C is usually required for PTT monotherapy. [57] Liu et al explored a nanomotors (PHPF NMs) with hemin and-Fc -depositing on the surface of bowlshaped polydopamine (PDA) for PTT and FT. [58] Owing to the superior photothermal conversion capacity of PDA, PHPF NMs could rapidly elevate the tumor temperature by ≈20 °C within 10 min of 808 nm laser irradiation (1.6 W cm −2 ). The photothermia could accelerate the release of hemin and -Fc from PHPF NMs, which further reacted with endogenous H 2 O 2 to increase •OH generation and consumed GSH for the FT-PTT.…”