Highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus subtype clade 2.3.4.4 indigenous in South Korea

Shin, Juyoun; Kang, Shin-Seok; Byeon, Hyeonseop; Cho, Sung Min; Kim, Seon-Yeong; Chung, Yeun‐Jun; Jung, Seung‐Hyun

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64125-x

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recent studies suggest that HPAI outbreaks from 2016 to 2018 caused by novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses resulted in the death of one billion birds in South Korea (Shin et al, 2020). In 2020, the clade 2.3.4.4B was reported in Iran after complete-genome sequencing of 28 H5Nx viruses circulating in the country from 2016 to 2018 (Abdollahi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Avian Influenza H5N6 in Birds: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Other Viral Zoonosis

Bonilla-Aldana¹,

Holguin-Rivera²,

Cortés-Bonilla³

et al. 2021

WVJ

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Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are zoonotic pathogens that can potentially affect humans and potentially be epidemic in a region. Birds (such as poultry and wild birds) serve as potential reservoirs for these viruses, highlighting the importance of determining AIV prevalence in the avian population. No systematic reviews have been published on this issue in the world so far. The present systematic literature review following the PRISMA standard, with meta-analysis, used three databases to globally assess the Influenza H5N6 infection in birds (including poultry and wild birds). A model of random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) for the prevalence of Influenza H5N6 infection in birds. A total number of 14,605 articles published from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved. After screening the abstract/title, 37 articles were selected for full-text assessment, and 15 were included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Of the total number of birds (n = 13,416 birds), the pool prevalence by RT-PCR was 3.5% (95% CI: 2.8-4.3%). From the total, 39.67% of the birds assessed were ducks (family Anatidae), in which pool prevalence was 7.7% (95% CI: 4.4-11.0). In chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), the pool prevalence was 3.3% (95% CI 1.9-4.8). Vietnam was the country with the highest pool prevalence; 7.9% (95% CI 4.0-11.7%). Bangladesh was the country with the lowest pool prevalence of 0.4% (95% CI 0.2-0.7%). A considerable proportion of infected birds tested positive highlighted the relevance of individual animals as reservoirs of H5N6. Ducks and chickens were found to be positive by RT-PCR in over 3% of the cases. These data suggest their relevance in maintaining zoonotic transmission and their potential implications for epidemics and even pandemics in the near future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (HPAIVs) remain an underlying threat to global health and the economy. Some of these viruses carry potential pandemic risks (Swayne et al, 2017;Shin et al, 2020;Shittu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Avian Influenza H5N6 in Birds: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Other Viral Zoonosis

Bonilla-Aldana¹,

Holguin-Rivera²,

Cortés-Bonilla³

et al. 2021

WVJ

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“…Information extracted from the scientific literature Shin et al (2020) described the full genome sequences of 12 HPAI A(H5N6) viruses detected in wild birds in South Korea, from December 2017 to August 2019. HPAI A(H5N6) strains characterised in 2017 (n=5) and 2019 (n=5) all belonged to clade 2.3.4.4c and were closely related for all their gene segments with HPAI A/environment/Korea/ W544/2016(H5N6)-like viruses, a reassortant genotype incorporating PB1 and PA segments from other subtypes of Eurasian viruses.…”

Section: Detectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview February – May 2020

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Between 16 February and 15 May 2020, 290highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus outbreakswere reported in Europe in poultry (n=287), captive birds (n=2) and wild birds (n=1)in Bulgaria, Czechia,Germany,Hungary andPolandand two low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N1) virus outbreaks were reported in poultry in Italy. 258 of 287 poultry outbreaks detected in Europe were secondary outbreaks, suggesting that in the large majoryty of cases the spread of the virus was not due to wild birds.Allthe HPAI outbreaks were A(H5N8) apart from three,which were reported as A(H5N2) from Bulgaria. Genetic analysis of the HPAI A(H5N8) viruses isolated from the eastern and central European countries indicates that this is a reassortant between HPAI A(H5N8) viruses from Africa and LPAI viruses from Eurasia. Two distict subtypes were identified in Bulgaria, a novel reassortant A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) that is persisting in the country since 2016. There could be several reasons why only very few HPAI cases were detected in wild birds in this 2019‐2020 epidemic season and a better knowledge of wild bird movements and virus‐host interaction (e.g. susceptibility of the hosts to this virus) could help to understand the reasons for poor detection of HPAI infected wild birds. In comparison with the last reporting period, a decreasing number of HPAI A(H5)‐affected countries and outbreaks were reported from outside Europe. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the current epidemiological situation in many countries out of Europe. Four human cases due to A(H9N2) virus infection were reported during the reporting period from China.

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“…The Ministry of the Environment reported, in 2017, that HPAI epidemics in Korea frequently coincide with seasonal bird migration patterns [ 4 ]. Overall, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses have propagated quickly and generated widespread epidemics in poultry [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation in Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N6 Viral Infections in South Korea: Poultry Population-Based Case–Control Study

Ahmad

Koh

Yoo

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Given the substantial economic damage caused by the continual circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks since 2003, identifying high-risk locations associated with HPAI infections is essential. In this study, using affected and unaffected poultry farms’ locations during an HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we identified places where clusters of HPAI cases were found. Hotspots were defined as regions having clusters of HPAI cases. With the help of the statistical computer program R, a kernel density estimate and a spatial scan statistic were employed for this purpose. A kernel density estimate and detection of significant clusters through a spatial scan statistic both showed that districts in the Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do provinces are more vulnerable to HPAI outbreaks. Prior to the migration season, high-risk districts should implement particular biosecurity measures. High biosecurity measures, as well as improving the cleanliness of the poultry environment, would undoubtedly aid in the prevention of HPAIV transmission to poultry farms in these high-risk regions of South Korea.

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Highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus subtype clade 2.3.4.4 indigenous in South Korea

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of Avian Influenza H5N6 in Birds: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Other Viral Zoonosis

Prevalence of Avian Influenza H5N6 in Birds: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Other Viral Zoonosis

Avian influenza overview February – May 2020

Spatial Variation in Risk for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N6 Viral Infections in South Korea: Poultry Population-Based Case–Control Study

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