Highly Pathogenic Fowlpox Virus in Cutaneously Infected Chickens, China

Zhao, Kui; He, Wenqi; Xie, Shengnan; Song, Deguang; Lu, Huijun; Pan, Wei; Zhou, Ping; Liu, Wenfeng; Lu, Rongguang; Zhou, Jiyong; Gao, Feng

doi:10.3201/eid2007.131118

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The disease has reemerged as a new threat to poultry farmers and a number of outbreaks have been reported in non-vaccinated as well as vaccinated flocks [7,9,10]. Several workers had characterized the field strains of FWPV and found incorporation of reticuloendotheliosis (REV) provirus in their genome [11][12][13][14][15][16]. The REV is transmitted through integration of REV provirus in FWPV genome and has been recorded prior to 1949 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus (REV) Integration in Avian Poxvirus in North Eastern India

Puro

Ahuja

Joishy

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.

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Avipoxviruses are responsible for decreased egg production, reduced growth and increased mortality in poultry. The disease has re-emerged as a new threat to poultry farmers as a number of outbreaks have been reported worldwide. Several workers have characterized the field strains of fowlpox virus and found incorporation of reticuloendotheliosis (REV) provirus in their genome. Here, the authors present the cases of poxvirus infection in three avian species viz., poultry, turkey and pigeon in north eastern India and found REV genes within the genome of poxvirus isolated from poultry and turkey. The presence of REV in the flocks of the region need to be further investigated as it reflects the emerging threats to the poultry industry at large and poultry rearing in the region in particular.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus (REV) Integration in Avian Poxvirus in North Eastern India

Puro

Ahuja

Joishy

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.

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“…The diphtheritic variety of fowlpox is characterized by the presence of elevated yellowish spots on the mucous membranes of the mouth, esophagus, trachea and lungs, which can result in dyspnoea or swallowing. In both cases, birds may be weak and exhausted (Zhao et al, 2014). We have also found that the clinical signs of the disease in chickens were characterized by lethargy, mild to severe dyspnoea, conjunctival redness, excessive tearing, palpebral and paranasal sinus edema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It has been reported that Avipoxvirus is caused by symptoms such as the appearance of pustules in the skin of birds, as well as signs of disease similar to diphtheria, which may include characteristic necrotic lesions covering the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract (Zhao et al, 2014), which may be due to the fact that, like other avian viruses, the fowlpox virus can be transmitted through vectors mechanically, for example, through mosquitoes. Other authors note that in this disease the virus affects the mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx and, more rarely, the epithelium of the lower respiratory tract (Bande et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical and clinical changes in the respiratory tract of chickens, naturally infected with the fowlpox virus

Rawashdeh

2017

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Al Rawashdeh, M. S. M. (2017). Immunohistochemical and clinical changes in the respiratory tract of chickens, naturally infected with the fowlpox virus.It is clear that currently the question of study of the pathological changes in the respiratory tract of chickens due to the impact of the fowlpox virus remains relevant, as the pathogenesis of nutritional deficiency, the presence of mycotoxins or the papilloma virus are characterized by the same clinical manifestations. We analyzed 88 chickens, naturally infected with the fowlpox virus, using clinical and immunohistochemical methods of investigation. Among all species of birds, we studied only chickens, data on which were collected for five years from veterinary clinics. The investigation revealed lesions basically characterized by the presence of changes in the typical structure of the chicken's respiratory tract. As a result, we found clear criteria for the pathological process in the respiratory tract of chickens, which are typical for fowlpox. Thus, we discovered respiratory tract obstruction, as well as many intracytoplasmic pale eosinophilic inclusions in hyperplastic cells. We found an accumulation of mononuclear cells consisting mainly of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma and mononuclear cells inside the mucous and muscle membranes. Bronchial lumens were blocked by necrotic and desquamated epithelial cells, red blood cells, bacterial colonies and amorphous eosinophilic material. We found accumulations of lymphocytes and macrophages in the parenchyma of the lungs. The hyperplastic epithelial cells reacted immunohistochemically with antibodies against the fowlpox virus in the respiratory tract. Immunoreaction occurred mainly in the cytoplasm of infected cells, inclusions, and necrotic and desquamated cells. The study proved immunohistochemical methods of investigation can be a useful additional tool for establishing a final diagnosis, especially in acute and subacute phases of the disease. The following respiratory signs were observed in severe cases of fowlpox: damage to the lungs in 33 cases (46.5%), parabronchium -20 (28.2%), parabronchial connective tissue -8 (11.3%), and mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea -10 (14.1%). In mild and moderate cases of fowlpox, the following respiratory signs were observed: hyperemia and thickening of the mucous membrane of the trachea -14 (82.4%), as well as hyperemia in the nasal conchae and paranasal sinuses -3 (17.7%). In the future, it will be necessary to conduct deeper studies to detect pathological manifestations of this disease, not only in the respiratory tract, but also in other organs and systems of chickens.

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“…It's used to differentiate FPV from other APVs because it's highly conserved. FPV140 is highly antigenic and immunodominent [1][2][3][4]6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]17,18].…”

Section: Fpv Related To Genus Avipox (Apvs) Apvs Belong To Subfamilymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This form has high currency but it's mild. The severe form is the wet type known as diphtheritic infection which infects mucus membrane of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract especially (larynx, pharynx and mouth) is featured by necrotic lesions, this type cause death more than dry type due to suffocation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%