Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c Virus in Lebanon, 2016

Romeh, Ali El; Zecchin, Bianca; Fusaro, Alice; Ibrahim, Elias; Bazzal, Bassel El; Milani, Adelaide; Zamperin, Gianpiero; Monne, Isabella

doi:10.1637/11544-113016-case.1

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moving of animals was considered an illegal act as those animals may maintain infections by this virus. Using HA-gene-based sequencing, the Lebanese H5N1 HPAI virus was detected to be from clade 2.3.2.1c, which was highly similar to the Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey viruses identified in 2015 from samples collected from wild and domestic birds (15). In 2015 and 2016, the countries of Cambodia, China, Vietnam, and West Africa were affected by the same clade of the H5N1 HPAI virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Identification the Presence of Clade 2.3.2.1c-Avian Influenza H5N1, a Highly Pathogenic Virus in Iraq, 2018

Alaraji

Muhsen

Alhatami

et al. 2019

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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For the first time in Iraq, we identified in March, 2018 the presence of a highly virulent avian influenza virus (AIV), H5N1 (Clade 2.3.2.1c), causing highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry farms, Iraq,. The identification of the virus was done using a rapid serological test, a real time-qPCR, and glycoprotein gene sequencing. Using sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, the clade 2.3.2.1c virus was recorded to be clustered, with high similarity to Asian and West African AIV, HPAI H5N1 from Ivory Coast identified in 2015. According to our knowledge, there was no previous detection of the clade 2.3.2.1c made in Iraq. Our results provide evidence that high risk of HPAI H5 outbreaks might be present in Iraq, and this needs to lead to high quality surveillance targeting of wild and domestic birds for early diagnosis of HPAI. The current work provides feasible and accurate approaches for understanding the evolution of HPAI H5 virus in different countries around the world.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Identification the Presence of Clade 2.3.2.1c-Avian Influenza H5N1, a Highly Pathogenic Virus in Iraq, 2018

Alaraji

Muhsen

Alhatami

et al. 2019

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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“…The following clades were detected between 2013 and 2017 (Smith et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Marinova-Petkova et al, 2016a;Bhat et al, 2017;El Romeh et al, 2017;Ghafouri et al, 2017a;Rashid et al, 2017;Salaheldin et al, 2017;Shittu et al, 2017 (Torchetti et al, 2015). The following clades were detected between 2013 and 2017 (Smith et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Marinova-Petkova et al, 2016a;Bhat et al, 2017;El Romeh et al, 2017;Ghafouri et al, 2017a;Rashid et al, 2017;Salaheldin et al, 2017;Shittu et al, 2017 (Torchetti et al, 2015).…”

Section: Genetic Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since the first detection of Gs/Gd/96 'Guangdong' lineage of A(H5N1) HPAIV in 1996, the HA of the virus has undergone an extensive evolution with the continuous emergence (and disappearance) of multiple genetic clades. The following clades were detected between 2013 and 2017 (Smith et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Marinova-Petkova et al, 2016a;Bhat et al, 2017;El Romeh et al, 2017;Ghafouri et al, 2017a;Rashid et al, 2017;Salaheldin et al, 2017;Shittu et al, 2017 (Torchetti et al, 2015).…”

Section: Genetic Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview September – November 2017

Brown¹,

Kuiken²,

Mulatti³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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“…Since then, several cases of H5N8 have been recorded among domestic poultry in Egypt 11 . Sporadic outbreak of H5N1 2.3.2.1c clade virus occurred in Lebanon in poultry in 2016, and genome analysis showed clustering with viruses that were reported in Europe and West Africa 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Sporadic outbreak of H5N1 2.3.2.1c clade virus occurred in Lebanon in poultry in 2016, and genome analysis showed clustering with viruses that were reported in Europe and West Africa. 12 Avian influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype are widely circulating in avian species causing severe economic losses. H9N2 is endemic in poultry of many EMR countries and has been reported in Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

State and situation of avian influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Badra

Abubakar

Tempia

et al. 2023

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Avian influenza viruses have had a significant burden of disease on animal and public health in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this review, we aimed at describing the state of avian influenza in the region from 2011 to 2021. We gathered information available through the peer‐reviewed scientific literature, public gene sequence depositories, OIE World Animal Health Information System platform, World Health Organization FluNet, Joint External Evaluation reports, and governmental, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and World Organization for Animal Health websites. We used an interdisciplinary perspective consistent with the One Health approach to perform a qualitative synthesis and making recommendations. Analysis showed that although avian influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region has gained more attention during the last decade, it was limited to only few countries and to basic science research. Data highlighted the weakness in surveillance systems and reporting platforms causing underestimation of the actual burden of disease among humans and animals. Inter‐sectoral communication and collaboration for avian influenza prevention, detection, and response remain weak. Influenza surveillance at the human‐animal interface and the application of the One Health paradigm are lacking. Countries' animal health and public health sectors rarely publish their surveillance data and findings. This review suggested that surveillance at the human‐animal interface, research, and reporting capacities should be enhanced to improve understanding and control of avian influenza in the region. Implementing a rapid and comprehensive One Health approach for zoonotic influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is recommended.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.2.1c Virus in Lebanon, 2016

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Identification the Presence of Clade 2.3.2.1c-Avian Influenza H5N1, a Highly Pathogenic Virus in Iraq, 2018

Identification the Presence of Clade 2.3.2.1c-Avian Influenza H5N1, a Highly Pathogenic Virus in Iraq, 2018

Avian influenza overview September – November 2017

State and situation of avian influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

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