Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N3) Virus in Poultry Workers, Mexico, 2012

López-Martı́nez, Irma; Balish, Amanda; Barrera-Badillo, Gisela; Jones, Joyce; Nuñez-García, Tatiana Ernestina; Jang, Yunho; Aparicio-Antonio, Rodrigo; Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo; Belser, Jessica A.; Ramirez-Gonzalez, Jose Ernesto; Pedersen, Janice C.; Ortiz-Alcántara, Joanna María; González-Durán, Elizabeth; Shu, Bo; Emery, Shannon; Poh, Mee Kian; Reyes‐Terán, Gustavo; Vázquez-Pérez, Joel Armando; Ávila‐Ríos, Santiago; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Lindstrom, Stephen; Villanueva, Julie; Tokars, Jerome I.; Ruiz-Matus, Cuauhtémoc; González-Roldán, Jesús Felipe; Schmitt, Beverly J.; Klimov, Alexander; Cox, Nancy J.; Kuri‐Morales, Pablo; Davis, C. Todd; Dí­az-Quiñónez, José Alberto

doi:10.3201/eid1909.130087

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…91,95,96 Recently, two human cases of associated conjunctivitis were reported in two Mexican workers during an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian H7N3 in poultry flocks. 97 The receptor-binding affinity of H7N3 viruses from the Eurasian and North American lineages showed increased binding of SAα2,6 glycans, exhibiting the characteristics of a human influenza virus without losing affinity for the avian SAα2,3 receptor. However, besides the fact that viruses replicate efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets including the recent Mexican viruses from 2012 human cases, transmission between the ferrets still occurs only by direct contact.…”

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confidence: 98%

Sialic acid receptors: focus on their role in influenza infection

Ayora-Talavera¹

2018

JRLCR

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confidence: 98%

Sialic acid receptors: focus on their role in influenza infection

Ayora-Talavera¹

2018

JRLCR

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“…Subtypes H6N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, and H10N7 have been primarily associated with nonfatal disease symptoms, including conjunctivitis and mild acute upper respiratory tract infections in humans (6)(7)(8)(9), the only exception being a single fatal human case of H7N7 infection in the Netherlands in 2003 (10). In contrast, H5N1 and H7N9 strains have been associated with alarmingly high levels of mortality among infected people but do not sustain human-tohuman transmission (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Rejmanek

Hosseini

Mazet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The increasing number of zoonotic infections caused by influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes of avian origin (e.g., H5N1 and H7N9) in recent years underscores the need to better understand the factors driving IAV evolution and diversity. To evaluate the current feasibility of global analyses to contribute to this aim, we evaluated information in the public domain to explore IAV evolutionary dynamics, including nucleotide substitution rates and selection pressures, using 14 IAV subtypes in 32 different countries over a 12-year period (2000 to 2011). Using geospatial information from 39,785 IAV strains, we examined associations between subtype diversity and socioeconomic, biodiversity, and agricultural indices. Our analyses showed that nucleotide substitution rates for 11 of the 14 evaluated subtypes tended to be higher in Asian countries, particularly in East Asia, than in Canada and the United States. Similarly, at a regional level, subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H6N2 exhibited significantly higher substitution rates in East Asia than in North America. In contrast, the selection pressures (measured as ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes [dN/dS ratios]) acting on individual subtypes showed little geographic variation. We found that the strongest predictors for the detected subtype diversity at the country level were reporting effort (i.e., total number of strains reported) and health care spending (an indicator of economic development). Our analyses also identified major global gaps in IAV reporting (including a lack of sequences submitted from large portions of Africa and South America and a lack of geolocation information) and in broad subtype testing which, until addressed, will continue to hinder efforts to track the evolution and diversity of IAV around the world. IMPORTANCEIn recent years, an increasing number of influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes, including H5N1, H7N9, and H10N8, have been detected in humans. High fatality rates have led to an increased urgency to better understand where and how novel pathogenic influenza virus strains emerge. Our findings showed that mutational rates of 11 commonly encountered subtypes were higher in East Asian countries than in North America, suggesting that there may be a greater risk for the emergence of novel pathogenic strains in East Asia. In assessing the potential drivers of IAV subtype diversity, our analyses confirmed that reporting effort and health care spending were the best predictors of the observed subtype diversity at the country level. These findings underscore the need to increase sampling and reporting efforts for all subtypes in many undersampled countries throughout the world.

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“…In 2004, an outbreak of HPAI H7N3 virus infection in 57 poultry workers with conjunctivitis or influenza-like symptoms was reported in Canada (6,7). In 2012, HPAI H7N3 infection in two poultry workers was reported during H7N3 outbreaks in Mexican poultry (8). From February 2013, a novel avian-origin H7N9 subtype influenza virus emerged in China causing severe lower respiratory tract disease in humans (9).…”

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Development of a High-Yield Live Attenuated H7N9 Influenza Virus Vaccine That Provides Protection against Homologous and Heterologous H7 Wild-Type Viruses in Ferrets

Chen

Baz

et al. 2014

J Virol

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IMPORTANCEIn response to the recent avian H7N9 influenza virus infection in humans, we developed a live attenuated H7N9 influenza vaccine (LAIV) with two amino acid substitutions in the viral HA protein that improved vaccine yield by 10-fold in chicken embryonated eggs, the substrate for vaccine manufacture. The two amino acids also improved the antigen yield for inactivated H7N9 vaccines, demonstrating that this finding could great facilitate the efficiency of H7N9 vaccine manufacture. The candidate H7N9 LAIV was immunogenic and protected ferrets against homologous and heterologous wild-type H7 virus challenge, making it suitable for use in protecting humans from H7 infection.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N3) Virus in Poultry Workers, Mexico, 2012

Cited by 71 publications

References 11 publications

Sialic acid receptors: focus on their role in influenza infection

Sialic acid receptors: focus on their role in influenza infection

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Development of a High-Yield Live Attenuated H7N9 Influenza Virus Vaccine That Provides Protection against Homologous and Heterologous H7 Wild-Type Viruses in Ferrets

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