Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Reintroduced into South Korea by Migratory Waterfowl, 2014–2015

Kwon, Jung‐Hoon; Lee, Dong Hun; Swayne, David E.; Noh, Jin-Yong; Yuk, Seong‐Su; Erdene-Ochir, Tseren-Ochir; Hong, Woo-Tack; Jeong, Jei-Hyun; Jeong, Sol; Gwon, Gyeong-Bin; Song, Chang‐Seon

doi:10.3201/eid2203.151006

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Clade 2.3.4.4A viruses have been detected from various species of wild birds including apparently healthy wild birds (Jeong et al., ; Kwon et al., ), leading to the hypothesis that the clade 2.3.4.4A virus was disseminated from East Asia to North America by circulation and relay transmission via long‐distance migratory birds passing through the Beringia region, such as Northern Pintail (Global Consortium for H5N8 and Related Influenza Viruses, ; Lee et al., ). Our findings support this hypothesis because H5N8/15 virus efficiently replicated and was shed from respiratory and intestinal tracts and transmitted between Northern Pintail without causing illness or death.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of H5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta )

Kwon

Lee

Swayne

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The wide geographic spread of Eurasian Goose/Guangdong lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses by wild birds is of great concern. In December 2014, an H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 Group A (2.3.4.4A) virus was introduced to North America. Long-distance migratory wild aquatic birds between East Asia and North America, such as Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), were strongly suspected of being a source of intercontinental transmission. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity, infectivity and transmissibility of an H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4A virus in Northern Pintails and compared the results to that of an H5N1 HPAI clade 2.3.2.1 virus. All of Northern Pintails infected with either H5N1 or H5N8 virus lacked clinical signs and mortality, but the H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 virus was more efficient at replicating within and transmitting between Northern Pintails than the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1 virus. The H5N8-infected birds shed high titre of viruses from oropharynx and cloaca, which in the field supported virus transmission and spread. This study highlights the role of wild waterfowl in the intercontinental spread of some HPAI viruses. Migratory aquatic birds should be carefully monitored for the early detection of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and other HPAI viruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of H5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta )

Kwon

Lee

Swayne

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Similarly, two HPAI H5N2 viruses were noted to acquire distinct mammalian adaptive markers, either PB2 E627K34 or D701N35 in mice. A recent surveillance studies suggested that H5N8 viruses isolated during each outbreak were phylogenetically distinct3136, suggesting that minor genetic differences between the 2 viruses potentially resulted in distinctive selection of adaptive markers; however, further study will be needed to test these hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid acquisition of polymorphic virulence markers during adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in the mouse

Choi

Baek

Kwon

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Emergence of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Asia and its spread to Europe and North America has caused great concern for human health. Although the H5N8 virus has been only moderately pathogenic to mammalian hosts, virulence can still increase. We evaluated the pathogenic potential of several H5N8 strains via the mouse-adaptation method. Two H5N8 viruses were sequentially passaged in BALB/c mice and plaque-purified from lung samples. The viruses rapidly obtained high virulence (MLD50, up to 0.5 log10 PFU/mL) within 5 passages. Sequence analysis revealed the acquisition of several virulence markers, including the novel marker P708S in PB1 gene. Combinations of markers synergistically enhanced viral replication and polymerase activity in human cell lines and virulence and multiorgan dissemination in mice. These results suggest that H5N8 viruses can rapidly acquire virulence markers in mammalian hosts; thus, rapid spread as well as repeated viral introduction into the hosts may significantly increase the risk of human infection and elevate pandemic potential.

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“…These groups were included among the H5N8 viruses that spread to Europe, Japan, and Taiwan after further evolution in the breeding sites of migratory birds [2910]. The viruses were also introduced into poultry farms and circulated for 4–5 months in South Korea (panel B in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographical characterization of H5N8 viruses isolated from poultry and wild birds during 2014–2016 in South Korea

Song

Lee

et al. 2017

J Vet Sci

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During 2014–2016 HPAI outbreak in South Korea, H5N8 viruses have been mostly isolated in western areas of the country, which provide wintering habitats for wild birds and have a high density of poultry. Analysis of a total of 101 Korean isolates revealed that primitive H5N8 viruses (C0 group) have evolved into multiple genetic subgroups appearing from various epidemiological sources, namely, the viruses circulating in poultry farms (C1 and C5) and those reintroduced by migratory birds in late 2014 (C2 and C4). No C3 groups were detected. The results may explain the possible reasons of the recent long-term persistence of H5N8 viruses in South Korea, and help to develop the effective measures in controlling HPAI viruses.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Reintroduced into South Korea by Migratory Waterfowl, 2014–2015

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental infection of H5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta )

Experimental infection of H5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Northern Pintail (Anas acuta )

Rapid acquisition of polymorphic virulence markers during adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in the mouse

Phylogeographical characterization of H5N8 viruses isolated from poultry and wild birds during 2014–2016 in South Korea

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