Highly Oriented Fluorinated Carbon Nanotube Arrays for High Specific Capacity Lithium Primary Battery

Pushing capacities and energy densities beyond theoretical limits of lithium primary batteries using active CFx nanocapsules with x > 1

“…[9][10][11] However, the complex chemistry and inactivation of CF x in certain molecular forms limit its full exploration; therefore, an in-depth understanding of the CF x mechanism of action and corresponding chemical modifications is required to make CF x the only choice for lithium primary batteries. [12][13][14][15] In this aspect, a series of fluorinated carbonaceous materials are being investigated in different geometries, such as fluorinated nanotubes, 16,17 fluorinated carbon nano-discs (CND), 18 fluorographene, 19,20 and fluorinated graphite. 21,22 Among these, the fluorographene and fluorinated CND displayed excellent performance by delivering a capacity of 1180 mA h g −1 and an energy density of 2338 W h kg −1 at 10 mA g −1 , because the reinforcement effect of the central discs and the presence of the LiF shell allowed the diffusion of lithium ions through the sheet edges or from the surface cracks.…”