Highly ordered 3D macroporous scaffold supported Pt/C oxygen electrodes with superior gas-proton transportation properties and activities for fuel cells

Li, Junsheng; Tang, Haolin; Chen, Rui; Liú, Dan; Xie, Zhipeng; Pan, Mu

doi:10.1039/c5ta02190a

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Different from the typically used 2D flat structure of electrodes, the structural engineering approach for modifying the electrode to have vertically aligned 1D or 3D structures has been reported to achieve low Pt usage and maximize the mass transport capacity of the MEA. [115,116] The effective charge transfer of electrons and protons as well as the mass transfer of gas and transport of liquid water can be enabled by a 1D-ordered electrode structure with vertically aligned channels. [117] Accordingly, significant efforts have been devoted to the fabrication of 1D electrodes, including Pt nanowire arrays (NWAs), [118] carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays, [30] bimetallic nanotube arrays, [119] and conductive polymer NWAs.…”

Section: D Structured Electrode Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different from the structural characteristics of 1D electrodes with vertically aligned channels, interconnected 3D hollow and porous electrode structures that are wide open and have low tortuosity allow the facile access of reactant gas to active sites, as well as secure electronic conductivity and improve durability owing to their connected structure and carbon-free nature. [115] Kim et al [126] constructed ordered 3D macroporous Pt electrodes using an inverse opal (IO) structure, which is periodic and has a large surface area and interconnected macropores (Figure 9a). By dip coating the GDL into a PS (≈500 nm) colloid suspension, multilayered, self-assembled, and closely packed PS sacrificial scaffolds were prepared.…”

Section: D Structured Electrode Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale Architectured Membranes, Electrodes, and Transport Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2023

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Over the past few decades, considerable advances have been achieved in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) based on the development of material technology. Recently, an emerging multiscale architecturing technology covering nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter scales has been regarded as an alternative strategy to overcome the hindrance to achieving high‐performance and reliable PEMFCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in the key components of PEMFCs based on a novel architecture strategy. In the first section, diverse architectural methods for patterning the membrane surface with random, single‐scale, and multiscale structures as well as their efficacy for improving catalyst utilization, charge transport, and water management are discussed. In the subsequent section, the electrode structures designed with 1D and 3D multiscale structures to enable low Pt usage, improve oxygen transport, and achieve high electrode durability are elucidated. Finally, recent advances in the architectured transport layer for improving mass transportation including pore gradient, perforation, and patterned wettability for gas diffusion layer and 3D structured/engineered flow fields are described.

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Section: D Structured Electrode Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Structured Electrode Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Architectured Membranes, Electrodes, and Transport Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2023

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“…[25][26][27] Furthermore, aimed at exposing active sites on catalysts to reaction mass, diverse porous structures have been introduced. [28][29][30][31] 3D macroporous (3DOM) structure, combining uniform pores and interconnected channels, is considered as an ideal structure for eliminating electrochemical heterogeneity. [32][33][34] The 3DOM structure can be conveniently Figure 2a-i shows the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of 3DOM Co@NC with various molar ratios of Co 2+ and Zn 2+ (1: 1, 1:4, and 1: 9), named as 3DOM Co@ NC-1, 4, and 9, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Ordered Co@NC Skeleton for Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts

Cai

Lin

Xiao

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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SiO 2 opals templates. [35,36] Nevertheless, the thickness of self-assembled opals templates is generally below 5 µm, far from providing sufficient interface area for ORR and OER. [37,38] Herein, we developed a novel thickfilm air electrode for ZABs, consisting of 3DOM carbon structure and sufficient exposed CoN x and Co nanoparticles active sites. This novel air electrode bases on thick SiO 2 opals template, in which carbon fiber paper was utilized as a support for releasing the stress during SiO 2 spheres self-assembling. The thickness of the SiO 2 opals template is adjustable according to the thickness of carbon fiber paper (110, 190, and 280 µm). Moreover, the 3DOM nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton (Co@ NC) was derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursor, filling the void among the SiO 2 opals template. The as-prepared 3DOM Co@NC shows outstanding ORR and OER performances. The rechargeable ZABs with as-prepared 3DOM Co@NC-1-090 as air cathode exhibit high power density (150 mW cm −2), specific energy density (964.2 W h kg −1), and outstanding cycling life (730 cycles with 10 mA cm −2 charge/discharge current density). It is verified that the 3DOM structure provides sufficient uniform interface for exposing CoN x sites and ordered channels for mass transport. 2. Results and Discussion Figure 1a schematically illustrates the fabrication processes of 3DOM Co@NC air electrodes. First, a piece of carbon paper (2 cm × 2 cm) was immersed in 10 mL SiO 2 nanospheres ethanol solution (2.0 wt%) for self-assembling. The monodispersed SiO 2 nanospheres arranged orderly among the carbon fibers, as shown in Figure S1a,b, Supporting Information. Second, the MOFs precursor solution containing Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , and 2-Melm was utilized to fill the space among SiO 2 nanospheres. Then the MOFs with SiO 2 template was carbonized at 800 °C to obtain Co@NC. [39] The morphology of as-prepared 3DOM Co@NC was illustrated by SEM. Figure 1b,c shows the top-view images of 3DOM Co@NC. The 3DOM structure, with uniform interconnected macropores (≈250 nm), is observed apparently among carbon fibers. Besides, the interconnected macropores distribute uniformly in an extended range (Figure S2a,b, Supporting Information). The section-view images in Figure 1d,e imply that the partial thickness of 3DOM Co@NC exceeds 20 µm. Transition metal@nitrogen-carbon (M@NC) catalysts are greatly desired for zinc-air batteries due to the promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) properties. Herein, a uniformly distributed Co@NC catalyst derived from metal-organic frameworks is developed. The CoN x species and Co nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon networks promote ORR and OER kinetics synergistically. Moreover, a novel structure is designed for exposing active sites, which consists of 3D macroporous skeleton embedded in carbon fiber paper. It is revealed that the outstanding ORR and OER properties attribute to the sufficient active area obtained from porous structure and ultra-thickness (280 µm). Besides, ...

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“…To achieve PEMFC commercialization, Pt loadings in the electrode must be reduced substantially from the current level of a few mg cm -2 to lower than 0.1 mg cm -2 . This target could only be achieved through the development of novel catalysts as well as a satisfactory nanostructured catalyst layer in the MEA [8][9]. M.Debe et al designed the advanced electrode with unique structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ construction of Ir@Pt/C nanoparticles in the cathode layer of membrane electrode assemblies with ultra-low Pt loading and high Pt exposure

Dang

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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A novel membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with ultra-low Pt loadings and high Pt exposure in the cathode layer is prepared by spraying Ir/C catalyst ink on the membrane surface to form a substrate layer, followed by in situ pulse electrochemical deposition of a Pt shell layer on the Ir core nanoparticles in the substrate layer. It makes the Pt loadings on cathode lower to 0.044mg/cm 2. In our system, the MEA with our novel cathode exhibits excellent performance in a H 2 /air single fuel cell, which is comparable to that of the MEA prepared with commercial Pt/C catalyst (Johnson Matthey 40% Pt) with Pt loadings of 0.1mg/cm 2. The electrode with core-shell structured catalysts is characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, EDS line-scan, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Based on the characterization results, it is found that the Pt is highly dispersed on the Ir NPs, and the electronic feature of Pt at shell layer can be tuned by

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Highly ordered 3D macroporous scaffold supported Pt/C oxygen electrodes with superior gas-proton transportation properties and activities for fuel cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Multiscale Architectured Membranes, Electrodes, and Transport Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Multiscale Architectured Membranes, Electrodes, and Transport Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

3D Ordered Co@NC Skeleton for Bifunctional Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts

In situ construction of Ir@Pt/C nanoparticles in the cathode layer of membrane electrode assemblies with ultra-low Pt loading and high Pt exposure

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