Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

Raevuori, Anu; Suokas, Jaana; Haukka, Jari; Gissler, Mika; Linna, Milla S.; Grainger, Marjut; Suvisaari, Jaana

doi:10.1002/eat.22334

Cited by 108 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…A secondary aim was to compare the prevalence of the observed somatic comorbidities in individuals with BED with and without comorbid obesity. We hypothesized that there would be positive lifetime associations between BED and gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, circulatory, and endocrine disorders, but the other tests of association were exploratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge‐eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: Somatic comorbidity

Thornton

Watson

Jangmo

et al. 2016

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between binge‐eating disorder (BED) and somatic illnesses and determine whether medical comorbidities are more common in individuals who present with BED and comorbid obesity.MethodCases (n = 850) were individuals with a BED diagnosis in the Swedish eating disorders quality registers. Ten community controls were matched to each case on sex, and year, month, and county of birth. Associations of BED status with neurologic, immune, respiratory, gastrointestinal, skin, musculoskeletal, genitourinary, circulatory, and endocrine system diseases were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models. We further examined these associations by adjusting for lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. Amongst individuals with BED, we explored whether comorbid obesity was associated with risk of somatic disorders.ResultsBED was associated with most classes of diseases evaluated; strongest associations were with diabetes [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 5.7 (3.8; 8.7)] and circulatory systems [1.9 (1.3; 2.7)], likely indexing components of metabolic syndrome. Amongst individuals with BED, those with comorbid obesity were more likely to have a lifetime history of respiratory [1.5 (1.1; 2.1)] and gastrointestinal [2.6 (1.7; 4.1)] diseases than those without comorbid obesity. Increased risk of some somatic disease classes in individuals with BED was not simply due to obesity or other lifetime psychiatric comorbidity.DiscussionThe association of BED with many somatic illnesses highlights the morbidity experienced by individuals with BED. Clinicians treating patients with BED should be vigilant for medical comorbidities. Nonpsychiatric providers may be the first clinical contact for those with BED underscoring the importance of screening in primary care. © 2016 The Authors International Journal of Eating Disorders Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:58–65)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge‐eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: Somatic comorbidity

Thornton

Watson

Jangmo

et al. 2016

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Binge eating and BED predispose individuals to metabolic syndrome independent of weight gain (17), type 2 diabetes (22), earlier-onset diabetes (20), and worse diabetes-related complications and outcomes owing to nonadherence to recommended dietary modifications (23–25). Similarly, binge eating is implicated as a treatment-limiting factor in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, approximately 25% of whom experience “loss-of-control” eating (26) that interferes with adherence to postsurgical nutritional recommendations and may impede weight loss and reduce quality of life (27, 28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults

et al. 2016

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Background The best treatment options for binge-eating disorder are unclear. Purpose To summarize evidence about the benefits and harms of psychological and pharmacologic therapies for adults with binge-eating disorder. Data Sources English-language publications in EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Academic OneFile, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov through 18 November 2015, and in MEDLINE through 12 May 2016. Study Selection 9 waitlist-controlled psychological trials and 25 placebo-controlled trials that evaluated pharmacologic (n = 19) or combination (n = 6) treatment. All were randomized trials with low or medium risk of bias. Data Extraction 2 reviewers independently extracted trial data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence. Data Synthesis Therapist-led cognitive behavioral therapy, lisdexamfetamine, and second-generation antidepressants (SGAs) decreased binge-eating frequency and increased binge-eating abstinence (relative risk, 4.95 [95% CI, 3.06 to 8.00], 2.61 [CI, 2.04 to 3.33], and 1.67 [CI, 1.24 to 2.26], respectively). Lisdexamfetamine (mean difference [MD], −6.50 [CI, −8.82 to −4.18]) and SGAs (MD, −3.84 [CI, −6.55 to −1.13]) reduced binge-eating–related obsessions and compulsions, and SGAs reduced symptoms of depression (MD, −1.97 [CI, −3.67 to −0.28]). Headache, gastrointestinal upset, sleep disturbance, and sympathetic nervous system arousal occurred more frequently with lisdexamfetamine than placebo (relative risk range, 1.63 to 4.28). Other forms of cognitive behavioral therapy and topiramate also increased abstinence and reduced binge-eating frequency and related psychopathology. Topiramate reduced weight and increased sympathetic nervous system arousal, and lisdexamfetamine reduced weight and appetite. Limitations Most study participants were overweight or obese white women aged 20 to 40 years. Many treatments were examined only in single studies. Outcomes were measured inconsistently across trials and rarely assessed beyond end of treatment. Conclusion Cognitive behavioral therapy, lisdexamfetamine, SGAs, and topiramate reduced binge eating and related psychopathology, and lisdexamfetamine and topiramate reduced weight in adults with binge-eating disorder. Primary Funding Source Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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“…Morbidity and mortality of eating disorders are not always a direct consequence of malnutrition and/or psychiatric symptoms, but are often due to the deleterious metabolic sequelae of the illness, e.g., an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes [87]. The molecular mechanisms by which dysbiosis induces metabolic dysfunctions are well-documented [28] and it is logical to hypothesize a similar role of gut microbes in dysmetabolism associated with eating disorders.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota: a Missing Piece In Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Gut Bacteria Telling Us to Eat or Not to Eat? Reviewing the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Etiology, Disease Progression and Treatment of Eating Disorders

et al. 2017

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Traditionally recognized as mental illnesses, eating disorders are increasingly appreciated to be biologically-driven. There is a growing body of literature that implicates a role of the gut microbiota in the etiology and progression of these conditions. Gut bacteria may act on the gut–brain axis to alter appetite control and brain function as part of the genesis of eating disorders. As the illnesses progress, extreme feeding patterns and psychological stress potentially feed back to the gut ecosystem that can further compromise physiological, cognitive, and social functioning. Given the established causality between dysbiosis and metabolic diseases, an altered gut microbial profile is likely to play a role in the co-morbidities of eating disorders with altered immune function, short-chain fatty acid production, and the gut barrier being the key mechanistic links. Understanding the role of the gut ecosystem in the pathophysiology of eating disorders will provide critical insights into improving current treatments and developing novel microbiome-based interventions that will benefit patients with eating disorders.

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Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

Abstract: Our findings provide strong support for the association between T2D and clinically significant binge eating. Disturbed glucose metabolism may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED and BN.

Cited by 108 publications

References 41 publications

Binge‐eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: Somatic comorbidity

Binge‐eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: Somatic comorbidity

Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults

Are the Gut Bacteria Telling Us to Eat or Not to Eat? Reviewing the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Etiology, Disease Progression and Treatment of Eating Disorders

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