Highly improved compatibility and mechanical properties of carboxylated nitrile rubber/styrene butadiene rubber by incorporating modified Kevlar nanofibers

Zhang, Xumin; Yang, Chen; Yin, Qing; Wu, Jianpeng; Song, Wancheng; Mohamed, Amel; Yang, Fufeng; Rui, Xiaoting

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.121926

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, the aggregation of ANFs after their isolation from a dimethyl sulfoxide solution, which is due to the structural recombination, restricts the dispersion of ANFs in the polymer matrix. To solve this issue, Chen et al and Zhang et al modified the ANFs using epichlorohydrin and incorporated the modified ANFs into SBR and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), respectively, through a latex co-coagulation method. , However, the latex co-coagulation method and solution mixing are not conducive to scale up for industrial-level production and are thus limited in their implementation. In addition, the application of modified ANFs using epichlorohydrin is limited to SBR and carboxylated NBR nanocomposites as the method is based on the π–π stacking of aromatic rings in the chemical structure and the reaction between the carboxyl group in the carboxylated NBR and epoxy group in epichlorohydrin, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aramid Nanofiber Reinforced Rubber Compounds for the Application of Tire Tread with High Abrasion Resistance and Fuel Saving Efficiency

Jung

Sodano

2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Tire performance plays a significant role in vehicles' safety and fuel efficiency and is thus a critical vehicle technology driven by the materials used. The tires' characteristics are largely dependent on the properties of the tread rubber compound, which are significantly affected by the type and amount of fillers used for static and dynamic reinforcement. In this work, a silane coupling agent was used to functionalize aramid nanofibers (ANFs), and the effect of a carbon black/ANF hybrid filler on the properties of tire tread rubber compounds was investigated. A functionalized ANF/water paste mixture was prepared and uniformly dispersed in the conventional dry rubber without using a solution mixing method, therefore avoiding latex co-coagulation, and the uniform dispersion of ANFs in the rubber matrix was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. The properties of the carbon black/ ANF hybrid filler reinforced rubber compounds at various weight fractions were then evaluated using tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, and abrasion resistance testing. The rolling resistance and abrasion resistance of rubber compounds with 1 part of ANFs were found to improve over the baseline neat rubber samples by 14.7 and 11.3%, respectively, all while maintaining the wet skid resistance. Thus, this study establishes that the addition of ANFs in the tread rubber compound enhances the tires' overall performance requirements, known as the "magic triangle."

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aramid Nanofiber Reinforced Rubber Compounds for the Application of Tire Tread with High Abrasion Resistance and Fuel Saving Efficiency

Jung

Sodano

2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…To highlight the importance of phase transfer agent to properties of crosslinked elastomers, we compare tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break among this work and the elastomers with different accelerators in Figure 4 c,d. The data of elastomers with different accelerators are from the previous works, containing N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CZ) [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], diphenyl guanidine (D) [ 49 , 50 ], dibenzothiazyl disulfide (DM) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M) [ 2 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide (NS) [ 30 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], and tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) [ 30...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Mechanically Robust Crosslinked Elastomers through Phase Transfer Agent Tuning the Solubility of Zn2+ in the Organic Phase

et al. 2022

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Zinc oxide (ZnO), which is toxic to aquatic organisms, is widely used as an activator in the rubber industry. The reduction of ZnO content is one of the efficient ways to tackle ecological environment impacts induced by ZnO. However, the incompatibility between Zn2+ and organic matrix inhibits the solubility and activity of Zn2+ in the organic matrix, causing the heavy use of ZnO. This work develops a phase transfer agent with Zn2+-philic structure and oleophilic structure to increase the solubility of Zn2+ in the organic matrix. The phase transfer agent and Zn2+ form coordination interactions, while the hydrophobic chains of phase transfer agent and organic matrix form hydrophobic interactions. The above two interactions improve the solubility and activity of Zn2+ in the organic matrix, contributing to the formation of crosslinking network. Through the phase transfer agent strategy, we obtain the mechanically robust elastomers, and the samples with low ZnO content still maintain the superior properties. This work provides an efficient way to reduce ZnO content without sacrificing the performance of elastomers.

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“…34 Zhang et al also used the same method to modify ANFs and then incorporated them into carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR). 35 The modified ANF reinforced SBR and XNBR exhibited considerable improvement in their mechanical properties compared to pure SBR and XNBR, respectively. Moreover, TESPT functionalization was used to improve the dispersion and interfacial interaction of ANFs with a rubber matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synergetic effect of aramid nanofiber‐graphene oxide hybrid filler on the properties of rubber compounds for tire tread application

Jung

Sodano

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The properties of rubber compounds used in tire tread largely contribute to the overall performance of tires in vehicles. Among the various ingredients used, reinforcing fillers are known for having the most significant effect on the static and dynamic properties of rubber compounds. In this work, two strong nanoscale materials, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) and graphene oxides (GOs), are modified using a silane coupling agent and combined to form a novel hybrid filler. The functionalized ANF/GO (fANF/GO) hybrid filler is obtained by adding functionalized GOs (fGOs) into functionalized ANFs (fANFs). The fANF/GO reinforced rubber compounds are then fabricated and tested to investigate the effect of the novel hybrid filler on mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. The prepared rubber compounds using hybrid fillers exhibit improved mechanical properties and abrasion resistance compared to rubber compounds only reinforced using fANF or fGO alone and reference compounds. Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis reveals a 21.8% decrease in the rolling resistance of fANF/GO reinforced rubber samples while preserving wet grip performance. Thus, this research demonstrates the potential of the ANFs and GOs-based functionalized hybrid fillers for the application of high-performance tire treads.

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Highly improved compatibility and mechanical properties of carboxylated nitrile rubber/styrene butadiene rubber by incorporating modified Kevlar nanofibers

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Aramid Nanofiber Reinforced Rubber Compounds for the Application of Tire Tread with High Abrasion Resistance and Fuel Saving Efficiency

Aramid Nanofiber Reinforced Rubber Compounds for the Application of Tire Tread with High Abrasion Resistance and Fuel Saving Efficiency

Toward Mechanically Robust Crosslinked Elastomers through Phase Transfer Agent Tuning the Solubility of Zn2+ in the Organic Phase

Synergetic effect of aramid nanofiber‐graphene oxide hybrid filler on the properties of rubber compounds for tire tread application

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