Highly flexible transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diode-based displays

Lewis, Jay; Grego, Sonia; Chalamala, Babu; Vick, Erik; Temple, Dorota

doi:10.1063/1.1806559

Cited by 253 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The conventional transparent and conductive thin films, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), are brittle. When deposited on flexible substrates, the conductivity of those thin film electrodes tends to deteriorate significantly after subjecting to thermal and/or mechanical strain [1][2][3]. For instance, Na et al [1] found that the resistance of ITO on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), increased by ∼40 times after ∼ 2500 bending cycles at a radius of ∼8 mm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube composite thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate solution dipping

et al. 2010

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confidence: 99%

Highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube composite thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate solution dipping

et al. 2010

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“…[1][2][3] One common route is to use films made by a disordered network of carbon nanotubes ͑NTs͒. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In this case, electrons move across the entire film by moving between NT in close proximity.…”

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Upper bound for the conductivity of nanotube networks

Pereira¹,

Rocha²,

Latgé³

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

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Films composed of nanotube networks have their conductivities regulated by the junction resistances formed between tubes. Conductivity values are enhanced by lower junction resistances but should reach a maximum that is limited by the network morphology. By considering ideal ballistic-like contacts between nanotubes, we use the Kubo formalism to calculate the upper bound for the conductivity of such films and show how it depends on the nanotube concentration as well as on their aspect ratio. Highest measured conductivities reported so far are approaching this limiting value, suggesting that further progress lies with metallic nanowires rather than carbon nanotubes. © 2009 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3236534͔The search for thin films that are flexible, transparent, and conductive is driven by their potential as transparent electrodes. [1][2][3] One common route is to use films made by a disordered network of carbon nanotubes ͑NTs͒. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In this case, electrons move across the entire film by moving between NT in close proximity. The conductivity is limited by the tunneling between tubes, which introduces a significant inter-NT junction resistance. To make the films more conductive, one needs to improve the coupling between NT, which recently has been achieved with acid treatments. 10,11 Further attempts are being made to lower the junction resistance and surpass the best conductivity reported so far, which currently stands at Ϸ 6 ϫ 10 5 S / m. 5,10,11 In addition to the junction resistance, the network morphology also plays a role in limiting the film conductivity. In fact, we have recently demonstrated how sensitive to the network connectivity the conductivity can be. 12 This means that no matter how much progress is made in lowering the junction resistance, there should be a maximum value for the film conductivity, which is regulated by the network itself. This is the goal of the present manuscript, i.e., to obtain an upper bound for the conductivity of disordered NT networks. The knowledge of this upper bound should avoid overoptimistic expectations for the transport properties of the films. Furthermore, understanding the interplay between network morphology and the intrinsic conductances of NT may be explored to deal with films made of other nanowires ͑NWs͒. 13,14 Since we are interested in the best-case scenario in which the electronic conductivity is at its maximum, we must eliminate potential sources of scattering and decoherence such as structural imperfections, impurities, and interaction with other quasiparticles. In this situation, it is appropriate to consider a purely ballistic regime of transport within the NW, which calls for a quantum description of the conductivity. NTs are known to behave as ballistic conductors with two quanta of conductance 15 and are often referred to as possessing two conducting channels. How much interference there is between these channels is what determines how the network affects the film conductivity. Furthermore, because other quantum wir...

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Metallic nanowires ͑NW͒ are the most prominent materials of choice to promote electronic transport in these films. In this case, electrons move between several NW forming a disordered tunneling network which spans the entire film.…”

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A computationally efficient method for calculating the maximum conductance of disordered networks: Application to one-dimensional conductors

Pereira

Rocha

Latgé

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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Random networks of carbon nanotubes and metallic nanowires have shown to be very useful in the production of transparent, conducting films. The electronic transport on the film depends considerably on the network properties, and on the interwire coupling. Here we present a simple, computationally efficient method for the calculation of conductance on random nanostructured networks. The method is implemented on metallic nanowire networks, which are described within a single-orbital tight binding Hamiltonian, and the conductance is calculated with the Kubo formula. We show how the network conductance depends on the average number of connections per wire, and on the number of wires connected to the electrodes. We also show the effect of the inter/ intrawire hopping ratio on the conductance through the network. Furthermore, we argue that this type of calculation is easily extendable to account for the upper conductivity of realistic films spanned by nanowire networks. When compared to experimental measurements, this quantity provides a clear indication of how much room is available for improving the film conductivity.

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Highly flexible transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diode-based displays

Cited by 253 publications

References 16 publications

Highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube composite thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate solution dipping

Highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube composite thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate solution dipping

Upper bound for the conductivity of nanotube networks

A computationally efficient method for calculating the maximum conductance of disordered networks: Application to one-dimensional conductors

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