Highly Flexible Silicone Coated Neural Array for Intracochlear Electrical Stimulation

Bhatti, Pamela; Beek-King, Jessica Van; Sharpe, Alton Russell; Crawford, Jonathan; Tridandapani, Srini; McKinnon, Brian J.; Blake, David T.

doi:10.1155/2015/109702

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…5 illustrate values obtained from the tissue surface adjacent to the coil, that is, after passing through the perilymph layer. The distance between the edge of the coil and this tissue surface was kept at 100 μm, consistent with the distance between the comparison electrode array and the modiolus as measured via micro x-ray computed tomography imaging [48]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Intracochlear Magnetic Stimulation: A Finite-Element Analysis

Mukesh

Blake

McKinnon

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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This study models induced electric fields, and their gradient, produced by pulsatile current stimulation of submillimeter inductors for cochlear implantation. Using finite-element analysis, the lower chamber of the cochlea, scala tympani, is modeled as a cylindrical structure filled with perilymph bounded by tissue, bone, and cochlear neural elements. Single inductors as well as an array of inductors are modeled. The coil strength (~100 nH) and excitation parameters (Peak current of 1 – 5 A, Voltages of 16 – 20 V) are based on a formative feasibility study conducted by our group. In that study, intracochlear micro-magnetic stimulation achieved auditory activation as measured through the auditory brainstem response in a feline model. With respect to the finite element simulations, axial symmetry of the inductor geometry is exploited to improve computation time. It is verified that the inductor coil orientation greatly affects strength of the induced electric field and thereby the ability to affect the transmembrane potential of nearby neural elements. Furthermore, upon comparing an array of micro-inductors with a typical multi-site electrode array, magnetically excited arrays retain greater focus in terms of the gradient of induced electric fields. Once combined with further in-vivo analysis, this modeling study may enable further exploration of the mechanism of magnetically induced, and focused neural stimulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Intracochlear Magnetic Stimulation: A Finite-Element Analysis

Mukesh

Blake

McKinnon

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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“…Micro-machined CI electrode arrays have been introduced in studies employing micro-LEDs, drug-eluting scaffolds, thin-film fabrication, etc. [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. However, the integration of lead wires should be considered in order to deliver these excellent technologies to people with hearing loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturable 32-Channel Cochlear Electrode Array and Preliminary Assessment of Its Feasibility for Clinical Use

Shin¹,

Ha²,

Choi³

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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(1) Background: In this study, we introduce a manufacturable 32-channel cochlear electrode array. In contrast to conventional cochlear electrode arrays manufactured by manual processes that consist of electrode-wire welding, the placement of each electrode, and silicone molding over wired structures, the proposed cochlear electrode array is manufactured by semi-automated laser micro-structuring and a mass-produced layer-by-layer silicone deposition scheme similar to the semiconductor fabrication process. (2) Methods: The proposed 32-channel electrode array has 32 electrode contacts with a length of 24 mm and 0.75 mm spacing between contacts. The width of the electrode array is 0.45 mm at its apex and 0.8 mm at its base, and it has a three-layered arrangement consisting of a 32-channel electrode layer and two 16-lead wire layers. To assess its feasibility, we conducted an electrochemical evaluation, stiffness measurements, and insertion force measurements. (3) Results: The electrochemical impedance and charge storage capacity are 3.11 ± 0.89 kOhm at 1 kHz and 5.09 mC/cm2, respectively. The V/H ratio, which indicates how large the vertical stiffness is compared to the horizontal stiffness, is 1.26. The insertion force is 17.4 mN at 8 mm from the round window, and the maximum extraction force is 61.4 mN. (4) Conclusions: The results of the preliminary feasibility assessment of the proposed 32-channel cochlear electrode array are presented. After further assessments are performed, a 32-channel cochlear implant system consisting of the proposed 32-channel electrode array, 32-channel neural stimulation and recording IC, titanium-based hermetic package, and sound processor with wireless power and signal transmission coil will be completed.

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“…Nurotron Venus electrode array: 40 μs/phase, 1-kHz biphasic pulses, human subjects, measured when switching on the device [34]. NeuroNexus Technology probe: 1-kHz sinusoidal current, PBS [35]. Jonathan et al's TFEA: 1 kHz, EIS measurement in PBS [36] Other data source for the electrode diameter: Cochlear Ltd. reference guide-electrode comparison.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%