Highly flat and highly homogeneous carbon paper with ultra-thin thickness for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Fu, Xuwei; Wei, Jun; Ning, Fandi; Bai, Chuang; Wen, Qinglin; Jin, Hanqing; Li, Yali; Zou, Siyi; Pan, Saifei; Chen, Jiafan; Deng, Shengwei; Zhou, Xiaochun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230832

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Due to the irregular surface and nonuniformity of the GDL, contact interfaces within the MEA often exhibit pronounced roughness and misalignment, evident in Figure 3e, which depicts an MEA profile crafted from commercial carbon paper. 151 Despite its significance, comprehensive investigations on the electronic contact resistance at the GDL/CL interface remain sparse, largely attributed to experimental constraints and computational challenges. 152 In many modeling studies, this resistance is either coarsely approximated or outright neglected.…”

Section: Gas Diffusion Layer/catalyst Layer Contact Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Electric Resistance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Advances and Outlook

Wang,

He,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Improving fuel efficiency and performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is closely linked to reducing electric resistance. This review discusses the vital role, behavior, and methods to reduce electric resistance in fuel cells. We particularly focus on how electric resistance affects cell polarization loss and overall performance. We summarize key parameters, prediction formulas, standard values, and testing methods for both bulk resistance and contact resistance. A significant part of the review looks at often-overlooked factors like flow field design, clamping pressure, surface properties, and substrate material. The unique "channel/rib" design on the bipolar plates surface has a major impact on electric resistance. Research shows a balance between rib/channel ratios, clamping pressure, and resistance values. While narrower ratios help reduce contact resistance, they can increase bulk resistance and overall cell resistance, affecting voltage outputs. There's an ideal clamping pressure that offers the best balance between resistance and performance. Further, this review underscores the significance of material selection, flow field design, clamping pressure, and surface treatments in resistance management. Designs like serpentine flow fields and materials such as carbon paper are noted for their lower resistance characteristics. Synthesizing these insights, we propose coherent strategies to enhance cell performance by reducing electric resistance through improved fuel cell design. Conclusively, we analyze the challenges and future perspectives in achieving minimal electric resistance and maximal cell performance. Potential avenues for future research are identified, with an emphasis on nanomaterials, advanced fabrication techniques, experimental methodologies, numerical modeling, flow field design, and operational optimization.

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Section: Gas Diffusion Layer/catalyst Layer Contact Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(e) Cross-sectional profile of an MEA constructed from commercial carbon paper. Reproduced with permission from ref , Copyright 2022 Elsevier. (f) Representative sample holder designed to measure the electrical contact resistance across PEM fuel cell layers.…”

Section: Electric Contact Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Electric Resistance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Advances and Outlook

Wang,

He,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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“…[22,29] Additionally, the conventional MPL has structural defects like high roughness and cracks which not only reduce the contact between catalyst layer and GDL, but also speed the degradation of fuel cells. [36][37][38][39] Therefore, the structure of GDL needs to be optimized to improve both performance and recyclability of fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recyclable Standalone Microporous Layer with Interpenetrating Network for Sustainable Fuel Cells

Wen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The commercialization of fuel cells inevitably brings recycling problems. Therefore, achieving high recyclability of fuel cells is particularly important for their sustainable development. In this work, a recyclable standalone microporous layer (standalone MPL) with interpenetrating network that can significantly enhance the recyclability and sustainability of fuel cells is prepared. The interpenetrating network enables the standalone MPL to have high strength (17.7 MPa), gas permeability (1.55 × 10−13 m2), and fuel‐cell performance (peak power density 1.35 W cm−2), providing the basic guarantee for its application in high‐performance and highly recyclable fuel cells. Additionally, the standalone MPL is highly adaptable to various gas‐diffusion backings (GDBs), providing high possibility to select highly recyclable GDBs. Outstandingly, anode standalone MPLs and GDBs can be easily detached from the spent membrane electrode assembly (MEA). This not only saves >90 vol% solvent in the recovery of the catalyst‐coated membrane (CCM), but also extends the service life of the GDBs and the anode standalone MPL at least 138 times (2 760 000 h assuming 20 000 h of CCM) comparing to CCM. Therefore, the standalone MPL significantly enhances the recyclability and sustainability of fuel cells and is promising to be an indispensable component in the next‐generation fuel cells.

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“…Therefore, the obstacles that the flexible energy supplies face may be resolved by reasonably designing and fabricating flexible fuel cells. Among the various fuel cells, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell [17][18][19][20][21] exhibits a significant superiority in the flexible power generators due to the flexible and solid electrolyte membrane [22] commonly used (e.g., Nafion membrane [23]), low operation temperature (less than or equal to 80 • C), or compact design. However, although the PEM is flexible, the catalyst layers (CLs) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30], gas diffusion layers (GDLs) [18,31,32], and bipolar plates [33][34][35] traditionally used are rigid, brittle, heavy, bulky, or expensive, limiting the application of PEMFC in the flexible energy supplies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials, components, assembly and performance of flexible polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: A review

Yuan

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

Journal of Power Sources

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Highly flat and highly homogeneous carbon paper with ultra-thin thickness for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Review on Electric Resistance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Advances and Outlook

Review on Electric Resistance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Advances and Outlook

A Recyclable Standalone Microporous Layer with Interpenetrating Network for Sustainable Fuel Cells

Materials, components, assembly and performance of flexible polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: A review

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