Highly flame retardancy of cotton fabrics with a novel phosphorus/nitrogen/silicon flame-retardant treating system

Zhao, Pei‐Hua; Liu, Shengnan; Xiong, Kuankuan; Wang, Wentao; Liu, Yaqing

doi:10.1007/s12221-016-5316-3

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, the environmentally‐friendly flame‐retardant additives with good flame retardancy are particularly needed. In recent years, the phosphorus‐nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen‐free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity . Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine). The IFRs system usually experiences an intense expansion and forms protective charred layers that serve as a physical barrier to protect the underlying material from flux or flame . In spite of many advantages, IFRs have 2 issues, ie, low water solubility and high thermal stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen-free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity. 15,16 Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine). The IFRs system usually experiences an intense expansion and forms protective charred layers that serve as a physical barrier to protect the underlying material from flux or flame.…”

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Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Wang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

223

138

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A phosphorous-nitrogen intumescent flame-retardant, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphoryl melamine (DPPM), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with DPPM (DPPM-RPUF) as fire-retardant additive were prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical performance testing showed that DPPM exhibited a favorable compatibility with RPUF and negligibly negative influence on the mechanical properties of RPUF. The flame retardancy of DPPM on RPUF was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimeter. The LOI of DPPM-RPUF could reach 29.5%, and a UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved, when the content of DPPM was 25 php. Furthermore, the DPPM-RPUF exhibited an outstanding water resistance that it could still obtain a V-0 rating after water soaking. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual weight of RPUF was relatively low, while the charring ability of DPPM-RPUF was improved greatly. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the thermo-oxidative degradation reactions of DPPM-RPUF. The results revealed that the flame-retardancy mechanism of DPPM in RPUF was based on the surface charred layer acting as a physical barrier, which slowed down the decomposition of RPUF and prevented the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phases. storage and electromagnetic interference shielding fields due to its high mechanical properties, insulated properties, etc. 1-4 However, one of its major defects is its flammability, which limits its further applications. 5,6 The improvement of the flame retardancy of RPUF has currently been an important subject among the developments of new polymer foam materials. 7,8 Traditionally, the main flame retardants for RPUF are the halogen-based compounds such as pentabromodiphenyl ether, chloroethylphosphate, etc, which may endow RPUF excellent flame retardation. 9 However, when burning, such retardants release a lot of toxic gases which pollute environment and damage people's health. 10-14 Thus, the environmentally-friendly flame-retardant additives with good flame retardancy are particularly needed. In recent years, the phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen-free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity. 15,16 Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine). The IFRs system usually experiences an intense expansion and forms protective charred layers that serve as a physical barrier to protect the underlying material from flux or flame. 14,15 In spite of many advantages, IFRs have 2 issues, ie, low water solubility and high thermal stability. 17 In addition, they are poorly compatible with the RPUF matrix, which weakens the mechanical properties of ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Wang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

223

138

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“…Moreover, nitrogen‐containing flame retardants can produce non‐flammable non‐toxic gases, thus diluting the oxygen near the flame and inhibiting combustion . Previous researches have demonstrated that flame retardants containing Si, P, and N co‐elements can exhibit the better flame‐retardant efficiency than flame retardants containing P, N, or Si alone . Thus, it is anticipated that mesoporous silica modificated with organic flame retardants consisting of P, N elements could offer better flame retardant properties to inflammable EP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of mesoporous silica modified with phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing hyperbranched molecules on thermal stability, combustion behavior, and toxic volatiles of epoxy resin

Huang

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A hybrid material (HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 ) containing multiple flame-retardant elements was synthesized and characterized using NMR, FTIR, and XPS techniques. This hybrid was synthesized by the "thiol-ene" click reaction of thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica (SH-mSiO 2 ) with ene-terminated hyperbranched polyphosphate acrylate (HPPA).When 2 wt% HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 hybrid was added to an epoxy matrix, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the incorporation of HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 increased the thermal stability of epoxy resin composites. Moreover, the combustion behavior of epoxy composites was investigated using a cone calorimeter, and the results show that the PHRR and THR of EP/HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 composites clearly decreased by 28.7% and 16%, respectively. Volatile toxic compounds such as aromatic compounds, CO, carbonyl compounds, and hydrocarbons were identified using TGA-infrared spectroscopy coupling technique. The effect of HPPA-SH-mSiO 2 hybrids on the removal of toxic volatiles was also

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“…In the heat flow of high temperature fire, radiant heat accounts for more than 80%, and the wavelength range is 0.4-2 microns, which is also called the heat ray [6][7][8]. Because the proportion of thermal radiation in the heat flow of high temperature fire is very large, emphasis needs to be aimed at the heat source when considering protection [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Spherical Nano-SiO₂ Content on the Thermal Protection Performance of Thermal Insulation Ablation Resistant Coated Fabrics

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Zhao³

2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In the high temperatures experienced in fire, radiant heat accounts for 80% of the total heat flow; therefore, improving the radiation protection is the best way to enhance the thermal protective performance of thermal insulation ablation resistant coated fabrics. To achieve this goal, the coating process and the ingredients used were optimized, spherical nano-SiO 2 and other particles were added, and thermal insulation ablation resistant coated fabrics with high radiant heat reflectivity were prepared. The influence of the spherical nano-SiO 2 content on the thermal protection performance of the prepared coated fabrics was investigated. Research showed that (1) the radiant heat reflectivity of the prepared coated fabrics improves significantly with increasing content of spherical nano-SiO 2 ; when the mass fraction of spherical nano-SiO 2 is 15%, the reflectivity of coated fabrics is at its largest, and its average value was 74.30%. At present, the average size of grains in samples increased 1.9 times; (2) after adding the spherical nano-SiO 2 , the thermal stability of the thermal insulation ablation resistant coated fabrics is significantly improved; the residual mass is as high as 88.49% at 1200 ∘ C, which is 18.77% higher than the residual mass of the coated fabrics with no spherical nano-SiO 2 added at the same temperature.

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Highly flame retardancy of cotton fabrics with a novel phosphorus/nitrogen/silicon flame-retardant treating system

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

The influence of mesoporous silica modified with phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing hyperbranched molecules on thermal stability, combustion behavior, and toxic volatiles of epoxy resin

The Influence of Spherical Nano-SiO₂ Content on the Thermal Protection Performance of Thermal Insulation Ablation Resistant Coated Fabrics

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Highly flame retardancy of cotton fabrics with a novel phosphorus/nitrogen/silicon flame-retardant treating system

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

The influence of mesoporous silica modified with phosphorus and nitrogen‐containing hyperbranched molecules on thermal stability, combustion behavior, and toxic volatiles of epoxy resin

The Influence of Spherical Nano-SiO2 Content on the Thermal Protection Performance of Thermal Insulation Ablation Resistant Coated Fabrics

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Product

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The Influence of Spherical Nano-SiO₂ Content on the Thermal Protection Performance of Thermal Insulation Ablation Resistant Coated Fabrics