“…A strong signal of HcCA3 gene of Hyriopsis cumingii wasdetected in epidermal cells in both the inside and outside of the mantle (Wang et al 2017). EGFR of P. fucata was specifically expressed on both the inner side of the outer fold and the outer side of the inner fold of the mantle (Zhu et al 2015). Our results showed strong hybridization signals in the mantle edge, especially in the outer fold and the outer epithelia (Figure 8).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 53%
“…Various adult tissues including mantle, gill, adductor muscle, gonad, hepatopancreas, and pearl sac were dissected. The pearl sac was excised from host oysters by removing the outer layers with a surgical blade until a thin tissue layer (<0.6 mm) surrounding the pearls remained (Zhu et al 2015). All samples were immediately preserved in sample protector (TaKaRa) and stored at −80°C until RNA extraction.…”
The insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family participates in transportation, localization, and biological regulation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). In the present study, IGFBP5 gene from the Pinctada fucata (PfIGFBP5) was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA sequence (1319 bp) contained an open reading frame of 399 bp encoding a predicted protein of 132 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of PfIGFBP5 included an IGF binding domain and multiple cysteine residues. The genomic sequence of PfIGFBP5 consisted of three exons and two introns. PfIGFBP5 was found to be expressed in all tissues and developmental stages investigated, although the expression level was significantly higher in the pearl sac and in trochophore larvae than in other tissues or developmental stages (P < 0.05). Expression of PfIGFBP5 was induced by notching the oyster shell margin; the gene was mainly expressed in the outer epithelium of the mantle, and to a lesser extent in the whole pearl sac, including connective tissues. These findings suggest that PfIGFBP5 is very likely to be involved in modulating biomineralization in the mantle and pearl sac of P. fucata since they are the main organs for shell or pearl formation.
“…A strong signal of HcCA3 gene of Hyriopsis cumingii wasdetected in epidermal cells in both the inside and outside of the mantle (Wang et al 2017). EGFR of P. fucata was specifically expressed on both the inner side of the outer fold and the outer side of the inner fold of the mantle (Zhu et al 2015). Our results showed strong hybridization signals in the mantle edge, especially in the outer fold and the outer epithelia (Figure 8).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 53%
“…Various adult tissues including mantle, gill, adductor muscle, gonad, hepatopancreas, and pearl sac were dissected. The pearl sac was excised from host oysters by removing the outer layers with a surgical blade until a thin tissue layer (<0.6 mm) surrounding the pearls remained (Zhu et al 2015). All samples were immediately preserved in sample protector (TaKaRa) and stored at −80°C until RNA extraction.…”
The insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family participates in transportation, localization, and biological regulation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). In the present study, IGFBP5 gene from the Pinctada fucata (PfIGFBP5) was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA sequence (1319 bp) contained an open reading frame of 399 bp encoding a predicted protein of 132 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of PfIGFBP5 included an IGF binding domain and multiple cysteine residues. The genomic sequence of PfIGFBP5 consisted of three exons and two introns. PfIGFBP5 was found to be expressed in all tissues and developmental stages investigated, although the expression level was significantly higher in the pearl sac and in trochophore larvae than in other tissues or developmental stages (P < 0.05). Expression of PfIGFBP5 was induced by notching the oyster shell margin; the gene was mainly expressed in the outer epithelium of the mantle, and to a lesser extent in the whole pearl sac, including connective tissues. These findings suggest that PfIGFBP5 is very likely to be involved in modulating biomineralization in the mantle and pearl sac of P. fucata since they are the main organs for shell or pearl formation.
“…Donor mantle tissues were collected at 3, 7 and 30 days after the mantle allograft surgery. In order to minimize the mixture of recipient tissues, a thin (<0.5 mm) inner layer of the pearl sac was excised by removing the outer layers with a surgical blade [13,14]. The same batch of donor mantle tissues without grafting was sampled directly as a control group for analysis of differential gene expression.…”
“…PmEGFR was also significantly expressed in the spat and D‐stage larvae phases (Wang et al, ). PfEGFR was found to be precisely expressed both inside and outside the inner fold and outer fold (specific for periostracum formation) of the mantle suggesting its role in shell formation and mantle development (Zhu et al, ). These proposed the involvement of EGFR in pearl oyster growth and development especially in the early stages, shell formation and biomineralization.…”
Pearl oysters have high economic value. These species have gained much interest of research in growth, producing disease resistant and viable stocks for aquaculture facilities. Growth‐related genes, such as insulin‐related peptide receptor and the IGF system, and its components ERKs and MKK4 have been documented to influence growth in pearl oysters. Temperature, salinity, culture condition among other environmental factors were also reported to influence growth by influencing the physiological functions of pearl oysters such as clearance rate, oxygen consumption, respiration rate, excretion rate and expressed in parameters such as the scope of growth and the net growth efficiency. Genetic and artificial breeding techniques have been utilized in breeding programmes to improve growth and pearl quality in pearl oysters with mass selection and hybridization documented as efficient methods to improve growth traits. One problem observed during the growth of pearl oysters is the unsynchronized growth. Transcriptome and metabolomics studies have been undertaken to understand the underlying mechanism of this problem. The pearl oyster immune response to stress has also been reported to cause growth differences and needs to be thoroughly investigated to help produce viable stocks with synchronized growth for the aquaculture industry.
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