Nonminimum carbonic acid clusters provide excitation
energies and
oscillator strengths in line with observed ice-phase UV absorptions
better than traditional optimized minima. This equation-of-motion
coupled cluster quantum chemical analysis on carbonic acid monomers
and dimers shows that shifts to the dihedral angle for the internal
heavy atoms in the monomer produce UV electronic excitations close
to 200 nm with oscillator strengths that would produce observable
features. This τ(OCOO) dihedral is actually a relatively floppy
motion unlike what is often expected for sp2 carbons and
can be distorted by 30° away from equilibrium for an energy cost
of only 11 kcal/mol. As this dihedral decreases beyond 30°, the
excitation energies decrease further. The oscillator strengths do,
as well, but only to a point. Hence, the lower-energy distortions
of τ(OCOO) are sufficient to produce structures that exhibit
excitation energies and oscillator strengths that would red-shift
observed spectra of carbonic acid ices away from the highest UV absorption
feature at 139 nm. Such data imply that colder temperatures (20 K)
in the experimental treatment of carbonic acid ices are freezing these
structures out after annealing, whereas the warmer temperature experiments
(80 K) are not.