Highly Entangled Spin Chains and 2D Quantum Gravity

Abstract

Motzkin and Fredkin spin chains exhibit the extraordinary amount of entanglement scaling as a square-root of the volume, which is beyond logarithmic scaling in the ordinary critical systems. Intensive study of such spin systems is urged to reveal novel features of quantum entanglement. As a study of the systems from a different viewpoint, we introduce large-N matrix models with so-called A B A B interactions, in which correlation functions reproduce the entanglement scaling in tree and planar Feynman diagrams. Including loop diagrams naturally defines an extension of the Motzkin and Fredkin spin chains. Contribution from the whole loop effects at large N gives the growth of the power of 3 / 2 (with logarithmic correction), further beyond the square-root scaling. The loop contribution provides fluctuating two-dimensional bulk geometry, and the enhancement of the entanglement is understood as an effect of quantum gravity.