“…Therefore, much effort has gone into the development of new chiral bifunctional enamine catalysts to improve the efficiency of this important desymmetric reaction. Some notable catalysts are shown in Scheme 4, including βamino acid cispentacin 17, 31 N-substituted bimorpholine derivatives 18, 32 benzimidazole pyrrolidine 19, 33 prolinamide 20, 34 proline-based tripeptide 21, 35 multifunctional N-tosyl-(S)binam-L-prolinamide 22, 36 L-prolinethioamide 23, 37 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-derived primary amine 24, 38 and the trifluor- omethanesulfonic salt of a primary amine 25. 39,40 For a detailed introduction, see the good review by Moyano and Rios.…”