Highly electro-responsive plasticized PVC/FMWCNTs soft composites: A novel flex actuator with functional characteristics

Ali, Imdad; Yang, Weimin; Li, Xudong; Ali, Ahsan; Jiao, Zhiwei; Xie, Pengcheng; Dias, Otávio Augusto Titton; Pervaiz, Muhammad; Li, Haoyi; Sain, Mohini

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109556

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…According to the results, the plasticizers DBA bonded to PVC since the peak at 630 cm −1 was not blue shifted. The presence of DBA and f‐rGO allowed free rotation of PVC chain segments to respond under induced electric force 34,35 . Furthermore, the intensity of peaks of PVC/f‐rGO gels has also increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly electro‐responsive composite gel based on functionally tuned graphene filled polyvinyl chloride

Ali

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Electroresponsive devices have attended significant interest for actuators and artificial muscles in recent days but are susceptible to low deformation at applied voltages. To address this problem, herein, we have prepared novel flexible composite gel based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dibutyl adipate (DBA), and functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f‐rGO) via solution casting technique. The structural, morphological, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite PVC/f‐rGO gel were characterized by using various techniques. In order to test the usefulness of PVC/f‐rGO, we fabricated the new planar PVC/f‐rGO‐based gel actuator, by holding the gel between two electrodes. Stimuli‐responsive deformation of ~2.7 mm was measured at a voltage of 1200 V for an optimized gel in the designed device. The loading of silane‐f‐rGO greatly enhanced the stimulation, response time and flexibility of the PVC gel. The highest elongation at break of about 433% was achieved for f‐rGO‐loaded PVC gel owing to strong dipole–diploe interactions between alpha hydrogen of PVC and ‐NH2 of f‐rGO. We believe that highly electro‐stimulated, soft and, flexible PVC/f‐rGO gels could open a new avenue for the fabrication of advanced artificial muscles and tunable soft actuators for number of applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly electro‐responsive composite gel based on functionally tuned graphene filled polyvinyl chloride

Ali

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Ionic EAPs are commonly composed of a polymeric network (neutral or a polyelectrolyte matrix) loaded/soaked with electrolytes (including ionic liquids (ILs)) and/or carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Examples of this class of actuator include: conducting polymer actuators [ 9 , 12 ], ionic-polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators [ 13 , 14 ] and CNT actuators [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Behind Relevant Applications Of Eap Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its low cost, ease of processing, and versatility allow its conjugation with different compounds/additives, resulting in a final material with distinct electrical and mechanical properties. Recently, PVC-based durable electro-actuator gels with high-performance were developed for promising applications as artificial muscles and soft actuators [ 15 , 49 ]. Shin et al developed robust and transparent PVC-based electro actuator gel with bending motion behavior dependent on PVC’s molecular weight [ 49 ].…”

Section: Conventional Technologies and Most Common Polymers To Produce Eapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ali et al developed highly electro-responsive PVC-based actuators comprising DBA-plasticized PVC and functional multiwall carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) [ 15 ]. Soft composites were prepared by solvent casting with several amounts of incorporated FWCNTs.…”

Section: Conventional Technologies and Most Common Polymers To Produce Eapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electromechanical displacement experiments showed that response time and bending angle were significantly improved for PVC gels with higher FMWCNTs content. The higher amount of FMWCNTs prompted faster and higher electrical charge transfer through the PVC gels, which induced rapidly reorientation of DBA dipoles (following the mechanism previously mentioned) that ultimately resulted in greater electromechanical displacements (up to ~1.8x greater) and shorter response times (up to ~3.5x lower) [ 15 ].…”

Section: Conventional Technologies and Most Common Polymers To Produce Eapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroactive Polymers Obtained by Conventional and Non-Conventional Technologies

2021

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Electroactive polymers (EAPs), materials that present size/shape alteration in response to an electrical stimulus, are currently being explored regarding advanced smart devices, namely robotics, valves, soft actuators, artificial muscles, and electromechanical sensors. They are generally prepared through conventional techniques (e.g., solvent casting and free-radical polymerization). However, non-conventional processes such as those included in additive manufacturing (AM) are emerging as a novel approach to tune and enhance the electromechanical properties of EAPs to expand the scope of areas for this class of electro-responsive material. This review aims to summarize the published work (from the last five years) in developing EAPs either by conventional or non-conventional polymer processing approaches. The technology behind each processing technique is discussed as well as the main mechanism behind the electromechanical response. The most common polymer-based materials used in the design of current EAPs are reviewed. Therefore, the main conclusions and future trends regarding EAPs obtained by conventional and non-conventional technologies are also given.

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Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

Ali

Latif

Hussain

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Stimulated devices are highly demanded for actuators and artificial muscles in the recent era but susceptible to low deformation at an applied voltage. In the present work, ionic liquids (ILs) based gel films were prepared from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dibutyl adipate (DBA), 1-butyl, 3-methimidazolium chloride, and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate by a simple solvent evaporation method. The structural, morphological, optical, and mechanical properties of the composite PVC/ILs gel were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Large Angle X-ray scattering (LAXS), UV-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron micrpscopy (SEM) and elemental mapping. We found that the displacement of plasticized PVC gels-based actuator was 0.1 mm with the response time of 0.33 s at an induced voltage of 1000 V. The loading of 0.02% of IL (fluorides) with PVC gel showed maximum deformation of 0.16 mm with a relatively rapid response time of 0.2 s. These high deformation and response time values of IL fluoride-based gels are dramatically higher than reported PVC gels. Likewise, the loading of IL fluorides in the PVC gel showed a high elongation value at the break of about 377%. This work suggests that the flexible gel based on IL fluorides and PVC could be a potential candidate for the fabrication of highperformance artificial muscles and tunable soft actuators.

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Highly electro-responsive plasticized PVC/FMWCNTs soft composites: A novel flex actuator with functional characteristics

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Highly electro‐responsive composite gel based on functionally tuned graphene filled polyvinyl chloride

Highly electro‐responsive composite gel based on functionally tuned graphene filled polyvinyl chloride

Electroactive Polymers Obtained by Conventional and Non-Conventional Technologies

Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

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