Highly Efficient White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a p–i–n Tandem Structure

Yokoyama, M.; Su, Shui‐Hsiang; Hou, Cheng-Chieh; Wu, Chung-Ta; Kung, Chun-Hao

doi:10.7567/jjap.50.04dk06

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Most investigations on tandem OLEDs have been done related to the compositions of the intermediate connectors and mainly focus on their electronic properties . The intermediate connector can be formed using: i) inorganic/inorganic layers, ii) organic/inorganic layers, or iii) organic/organic layers …”

Section: Compositions Of the Intermediate Connectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The n‐type dopant is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, such as Li, Rb, Cs, or Mg, as mentioned above. The p‐type dopant can be a strong oxidizing agent, such as FeCl 3 , F 4 ‐TCNQ, WO 3 , or MoO 3 . Their combinations can be Alq 3 :Li or TPBI:Li/NPB:FeCl 3 , Alq 3 :Li/NPB:F 4 ‐TCNQ, Alq 3 :Mg/m‐MTDATA:F 4 ‐TCNQ, Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 /NPB:WO 3 , Alq 3 :Mg/NPB:WO 3 , Alq 3 :Li/2‐TNATA:MoO 3 , Alq 3 :Mg/PTCDA:MoO 3 , and TPBI:Li 2 CO 3 /C60/pentacene/TCTA:MoO 3 .…”

Section: Compositions Of the Intermediate Connectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The p‐type dopant can be a strong oxidizing agent, such as FeCl 3 , F 4 ‐TCNQ, WO 3 , or MoO 3 . Their combinations can be Alq 3 :Li or TPBI:Li/NPB:FeCl 3 , Alq 3 :Li/NPB:F 4 ‐TCNQ, Alq 3 :Mg/m‐MTDATA:F 4 ‐TCNQ, Bphen:Cs 2 CO 3 /NPB:WO 3 , Alq 3 :Mg/NPB:WO 3 , Alq 3 :Li/2‐TNATA:MoO 3 , Alq 3 :Mg/PTCDA:MoO 3 , and TPBI:Li 2 CO 3 /C60/pentacene/TCTA:MoO 3 . There are also special intermediate connectors without a p‐type doped HIL, such as, Alq 3 :Li (or Bphen:Li)/HAT‐CN, F 16 CuPc/CuPc, and Li:Bphen/Al/F 4 ‐TCNQ/HAT‐CN .…”

Section: Compositions Of the Intermediate Connectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transparency and the thickness of the connector affect the light output of the device. Therefore, many studies have been carried out on the construction of the intermediate connectors . However, a systematic understanding of the mechanism of the intermediate connectors and how to form ideal intermediate connectors in the devices is very much needed in order to facilitate further studies of high‐performance tandem OLEDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

2016

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A tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is an organic optoelectronic device that has two or more electroluminescence (EL) units connected electrically in series with unique intermediate connectors within the device. Researchers have studied this new OLED architecture with growing interest and have found that the current efficiency of a tandem OLED containing N EL units (N > 1) should be N times that of a conventional OLED containing only a single EL unit. Therefore, this new architecture is potentially useful for constructing high-efficiency, high-luminance, and long-lifetime OLED displays and organic solid-state lighting sources. In a tandem OLED, the intermediate connector plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of the stacked EL units. The interfaces in the connector control the inner charge generation and charge injection into the adjacent EL units. Meanwhile, the transparency and the thickness of the connector affect the light output of the device. Therefore, the intermediate connector should be made to meet both the electrical and optical requirements for achieving optimal performance. Here, recent advances in the research of the tandem OLEDs is discussed, with the main focus on material selection and interface studies in the intermediate connectors, as well as the optical design of the tandem OLEDs.

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Section: Compositions Of the Intermediate Connectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compositions Of the Intermediate Connectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compositions Of the Intermediate Connectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

2016

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“…They are also important because the next‐generation of flat lighting sources depends on them and the total size of market for illumination represents billions of dollars annually . There are basically two ways to produce white light: It can be obtained by mixing light of three primary colors such as red blue and green or by adding the light of complimentary colors such as blue/yellow‐orange or cyan/green‐yellow, this light could come from small molecules and/or polymers . Recently, Tandem OLEDs (in‐series configuration) emitting white light have been reported to obtain high luminance and high efficiency .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Color Temperature of White OLEDs in Parallel Tandems

Oliva

Papadimitratos

Rosa

et al. 2017

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Color-temperature tunable white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) in parallel tandem configuration were fabricated by using TFB:MEH-PPV (yellow emitter) in the bottom subunit and TBADN (blue emitter) in the top subunit. In this parallel tandem architecture, a thin film of silver was an active common anode, which permitted to inject holes into top and bottom subunits simultaneously. This common injection electrode also allowed to tune the color temperature (CCT) and CIE coordinates of white light emission from cool (CIE: 0.33, 0.25; CCT ¼ 5218 K) to warm (CIE: 0.38, 0.39; CCT ¼ 3926 K) by controlling the brightness of the yellow light and blue light emitted in the bottom and top subunits respectively. The performance of the parallel tandem was compared with that of in-series tandems and additional advantages of the parallel architecture such as tunable chromaticity, lower turn on voltage (4 V compared to 7 V in the in-series tandem) and higher brightness ($15%) were found. The closest CIE coordinate obtained for white light was (0.35, 0.35), which is near to the ideal coordinate of (0.33, 0.33) for pure white light. Thus, the results indicate that these white OLEDs in parallel configuration can be potentially useful for displays and lighting applications.

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White light emission from a blue polymer light emitting diode combined with YAG:Ce³⁺ nanoparticles

Oliva

Rosa

Dı́az-Torres

et al. 2013

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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It is reported the white light emission from a hybrid polymer light emitting diode (HyPLED) which has a film of YAG:Ce 3þ nanoparticles. This white light is produced due to the combination of the blue light generated from a PLED and the green-yellow light coming from YAG:Ce 3þ nanoparticles. This white light has CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates of (0.31, 0.35) which is near of the ideal coordinate of (0.33, 0.33). The hybrid device presents a turn on voltage of 4 V, as well as a maximum luminance and efficiency of 266 cd m À2 and 0.34 cd A À1 (at 9 V), respectively.Finally, it was possible to tune the color emission from green to bluish-white by changing the operation voltage.

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Highly Efficient White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a p–i–n Tandem Structure

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Tuning Color Temperature of White OLEDs in Parallel Tandems

White light emission from a blue polymer light emitting diode combined with YAG:Ce³⁺ nanoparticles

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Highly Efficient White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a p–i–n Tandem Structure

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Tuning Color Temperature of White OLEDs in Parallel Tandems

White light emission from a blue polymer light emitting diode combined with YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles

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Product

Resources

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White light emission from a blue polymer light emitting diode combined with YAG:Ce³⁺ nanoparticles