Highly efficient textile supercapacitors fabricated with graphene/NiO:Yb electrodes printed on cotton fabric

Modern Developments for Textile-Based Supercapacitors

“… 60 , 72 , 100 , 113 , 141 − 144 Graphene can be flexible, lightweight, and amalgamated with metals or polymeric material to create flexible, wearable supercapacitors. 45 , 145 , 146 It can also reach extremely high capacitance and stability while being bent and stretched. 147 , 148 Rao’s group used positively doped graphene as an electrode because of its porous morphology and flexibility to create a system that exhibited a high capacitance retention, stability, and long life.…”

“… 136 Cotton is the most popular substrate currently because it is cost-effective, stretchable, flexible, hydrophilic, and porous, making it easy to buy, use, and create large surface areas or natural areas for ink permeation. 45 , 62 , 136 , 140 , 150 Additionally, natural fibers such as cotton are able to stretch and bend when knitted or woven, and as long as the deposited material also has similar characteristics, the system will be wearable. 150 Other materials that are utilized in textile supercapacitors include wool, which offers microporous structures for high specific surface area, 151 cellulose and polyester, 44 polyester mixes, 81 , 147 polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polypropylene (PP).…”

“…Therefore, to control the ink deposition, bar coating can be used. Bar coating deposits the ink onto a substrate and uses a bar to remove the excess solution to make a uniform coating. , This can result in thin film substrates with large amounts of specific surface area that increases the active site for electrons, as shown by Figure . One research group used a cotton fabric, featuring high porosity and potential surface area, and deposited graphene and ytterbium/nickel (YbNi) onto it to boost the electrochemical performance of their device to achieve a supercapacitor that lasts more than 30 min longer during discharging than devices without the YbNi …”

“…Textile supercapacitors that are wearable will need to be able to withstand standard washing procedures before they can be applied in any industry successfully. Researchers have noted that the poor stability of the deposited inks on textile substrates with regard to washability is a primary challenge for commercialization of these systems, but many researchers do not answer how to prevent this degradation from happening. ,,, While one research group decided removing the device from the textile before washing to avoid the degradation was necessary, most groups decided to encapsulate the system. Researchers used post treatments of PDMS, PU, resin, or other polymeric material to encapsulate the system. ,,,,, Even after encapsulating, however, rarely did the research group report their findings on how well the encapsulation held up from washing.…”

“…One research group used a cotton fabric, featuring high porosity and potential surface area, and deposited graphene and ytterbium/nickel (YbNi) onto it to boost the electrochemical performance of their device to achieve a supercapacitor that lasts more than 30 min longer during discharging than devices without the YbNi. 45 …”