“…Therefore, it is highly imperative to explore low-cost, abundant, and highly efficient substitutes for the conventional Pt counter electrode in the DSSC system. In recent years, several kinds of fascinating materials such as carbonaceous materials, [5,[25][26][27][28] conductive polymer [29,30] and metal compounds (metal nitrides, [31][32][33] metal carbides, [34,35] metal sulfides, [36][37][38][39] metal selenides [40,41] and metal telluride [42] ) were extensively investigated as counter electrodes for DSSCs. These substitutes showed comparable catalytic activity for I 3 − /I − .…”