Highly Efficient, Stable, and Ductile Ternary Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells from a Two‐Donor Polymer Blend

Hu, Huawei; Ye, Long; Ghasemi, Masoud; Balar, Nrup; Rech, Jeromy James; Stuard, Samuel J.; You, Wei; O’Connor, Brendan T.; Ade, Harald

doi:10.1002/adma.201808279

Cited by 85 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…The Random Forest regression model identified the LUMO and HOMO of donor1 as the top two features influencing the V oc . These results indicated that the rational design of donor materials plays an important role in fabricating ternary OSCs . Moreover, the LUMO levels of donor materials were closely correlated with OSC characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A Machine Learning–Based Design Rule for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Lee

2019

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on ternary blends are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies. To further improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE), the materials selection criteria must be focused on achieving high open-circuit voltage (V oc ) through the alignment of the energy levels of the ternary blends. Hence, machine-learning approaches are in high demand for extracting the complex correlation between V oc and the energy levels of the ternary blends, which are crucial to facilitate device design. Herein, the datadriven strategies are used to generate a model based on the available experimental data, and the V oc is then predicted using available machine-learning methods (the Random Forest regression and the Support Vector regression). In addition, the Random Forest regression is developed to find the appropriate energy-level alignment of ternary OSCs and to reveal the relationship between V oc and electronic features. Finally, an analysis based on the ranking of variables in terms of importance by the Random Forest model is performed to identify the key feature governing the V oc and the performance of ternary OSCs. From the perspective of device design, the machine-learning approach provides sufficient insights to improve the V oc and advances the comprehensive understanding of ternary OSCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A Machine Learning–Based Design Rule for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Lee

2019

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…Because of the feasibility of ternary strategy to enhance the photovoltaic performance and device stability, PC 71 BM was added as the third component into the PTQ10:Y6 binary system. Table shows the corresponding photovoltaic parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effect of the Third Component PC₇₁BM on Nanoscale Morphology and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Herein, PC71BM is used as the third component (the second acceptor) to improve the photovoltaic performance of the organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a low‐cost polymer donor PTQ10 and a nonfullerene small‐molecule acceptor Y6. The ternary OSCs based on PTQ10:Y6:PC71BM reach a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.07% with enhanced short‐circuit current density and a better fill factor in comparison with the binary OSCs based on PTQ10:Y6, which is ascribed to the higher electron mobility, better charge extraction, and suppressed charge recombination of the ternary PSCs. The film morphology of the OSCs is studied by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, photo‐induced force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which reveals that with the treatment of additive (0.5% CN) and thermal annealing, the phase separation of Y6 is obviously enhanced, whereas no significant changes occur for that of PTQ10 component. Besides, the addition of PC71BM slightly lowers the ratio of the face‐on orientation in the blend film and attenuate the aggregation of acceptor Y6. In addition, compared with the binary PTQ10:Y6 OSC, the ternary device based on PTQ10:Y6:PC71BM shows better device stability, demonstrating a great potential for the practical application of ternary OSCs.

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“…Recently, finely tunable energy levels have been achieved with organic semiconducting alloys, which are widely applied in ternary OSCs . We envisioned that the alloy strategy may provide a versatile avenue to accurately establish the relationship between the HOMO offset and the exciton dissociation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Determination of the Minimum HOMO Offset for Efficient Charge Generation using Organic Semiconducting Alloys

Zhang

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

100

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reveal the bright future of this greenenergy technology. [1][2][3] Exciton dissociation into free charges is the most important optoelectronic process, which is driven by the energy-level difference between donor and acceptor materials. [4,5] For OSCs utilizing fullerene derivatives as electron acceptors, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) offset [ΔE LUMO = E LUMO(D) − E LUMO(A) ] of no less than 0.30 eV was generally proposed to guarantee efficient electron transfer. [6][7][8] However, this leads to large energy losses (>0.60 eV), as defined by E loss = E g opt − qV oc , (E g opt is the optical bandgap, V oc is the open-circuit voltage, and q is elementary charge), and limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to less than 12% [9][10][11][12][13][14] after decades of effort. Thus far, the development of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type nonfullerene molecular acceptors (NFAs) with well-tunable electronic structures has opened up a great opportunity in this active topic because these NFAs have realized high PCEs over 15%. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] To form a complementary absorption, current popular NFA OSCs are based on the combination of a widebandgap donor and a narrow-bandgap acceptor. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] For such a material combination, a large ΔE LUMO always exists, which reduces the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offset [ΔE HOMO = E HOMO(D) − E HOMO(A) ] to minimize energy loss [34][35][36][37] while enhancing the light collection in near-infrared (NIR) Current research indicates that exciton dissociation into free charge carriers can be achieved in material combinations with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offset lowered to 0 eV in non-fullerene organic solar cells. However, the quantitative relationship between the HOMO offset and exciton dissociation has not been established because of the difficulty inachieving continuously tunable HOMO offsets. Here, the binary blends of PTQ10:ZITI-S and PTQ10:ZITI-N are combined to form the positive and negative HOMO offsets of 0.20 and −0.07 eV, respectively. While the PTQ10:ZITI-S binary blend delivers a decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.69% with a shortcircuit current (J sc ) of 16.94 mA cm −2 , the PTQ10:ZITI-N with the negative offset shows a much lower PCE of 7.06% mainly because of the low J sc of 12.03 mA cm −2 . Because the tunable HOMO levels can be realized in organic semiconducting alloys based on ZITI-N and ZITI-S acceptors, the transformation of the HOMO energy offset from negative to positive values is achieved in the PTQ10:ZITIN:ZITI-S ternary blends, delivering much-improved PCEs up to 13.26% with a significant, 74% enhancement of J sc to 20.93 mA cm −2 .With detailed investigations, the study reveals that the minimum HOMO offset of ≈40 meV is required to achieve the most-efficient exciton dissociation and photovoltaic performance.

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Highly Efficient, Stable, and Ductile Ternary Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells from a Two‐Donor Polymer Blend

Cited by 85 publications

References 56 publications

A Machine Learning–Based Design Rule for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

A Machine Learning–Based Design Rule for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Understanding the Effect of the Third Component PC₇₁BM on Nanoscale Morphology and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Accurate Determination of the Minimum HOMO Offset for Efficient Charge Generation using Organic Semiconducting Alloys

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Highly Efficient, Stable, and Ductile Ternary Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells from a Two‐Donor Polymer Blend

Cited by 85 publications

References 56 publications

A Machine Learning–Based Design Rule for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

A Machine Learning–Based Design Rule for Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage in Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Understanding the Effect of the Third Component PC71BM on Nanoscale Morphology and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Accurate Determination of the Minimum HOMO Offset for Efficient Charge Generation using Organic Semiconducting Alloys

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Understanding the Effect of the Third Component PC₇₁BM on Nanoscale Morphology and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Solar Cells