Highly efficient polymer solar cells cast from non-halogenated xylene/anisaldehyde solution

Sprau, Christian; Buss, Felix; Wagner, Michael; Landerer, Dominik; Koppitz, Manuel; Schulz, Alexander; Bahro, Daniel; Schabel, Wilhelm; Scharfer, Philip; Colsmann, Alexander

doi:10.1039/c5ee01917f

Cited by 139 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…More encouragingly, in addition to a slightly higher PCE than that of devices processed with the widely used halogenated DCB/DIO system ( Figure 3 ), the device fabricating process was greatly simplifi ed. Very recently, Colsmann et al [ 49 ] also found that the non-halogenated solvent XY in combination with the eco-compatible additive …”

Section: General Processing Methods Of Opvs Featuring Well-known Pbdtmentioning

confidence: 95%

Breaking the 10% Efficiency Barrier in Organic Photovoltaics: Morphology and Device Optimization of Well‐Known PBDTTT Polymers

Zhang

Hou

2016

Advanced Energy Materials

292

213

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Section: General Processing Methods Of Opvs Featuring Well-known Pbdtmentioning

confidence: 95%

Breaking the 10% Efficiency Barrier in Organic Photovoltaics: Morphology and Device Optimization of Well‐Known PBDTTT Polymers

Zhang

Hou

2016

Advanced Energy Materials

292

213

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“…1d. Importantly, the co-solvent p-anisaldehyde exhibits a comparatively low boiling point, ensuring its complete evaporation after thin-film deposition, 31 whereas common other co-solvents such as 1,8-diiodooctane may partly remain within the bulkheterojunction where they may accelerate device deterioration. 30 To investigate the thermal stability of the solar cells, we annealed the samples at 120°C for 2 h, which is often considered the critical condition for industrial relevant lamination processes for consumer products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced thermal stability of organic solar cells comprising ternary D-D-A bulk-heterojunctions

et al. 2017

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Ternary absorber blends have recently been identified as promising concepts to spectrally broaden the absorption of organic bulkheterojunction solar cells and hence to improve their power conversion efficiencies. In this work, we demonstrate that D-D-A ternary blends comprising two donor polymers and the acceptor PC 61 BM can also significantly enhance the thermal stability of the solar cell. Upon harsh thermal stress at 120°C for 2 h, the ternary solar cells show only a minor relative deterioration of 10%. Whereas the polymer/fullerene blend PTB7-Th:PC 61 BM is rather unstable under these conditions, its degradation was efficiently suppressed by incorporating the near infrared-absorbing polymer PDTP-DFBT. Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigations and an effective medium analysis of the ternary absorber blend revealed that the domain conformation in presence of PDTP-DFBT remains stable whereas the domain conformation changes in its absence. The ternary PTB7-Th:PDTP-DFBT:PC 61 BM solar cells yield thermally stable power conversion efficiencies of up to 6%.npj Flexible Electronics (2017) 1:11 ; doi:10.1038/s41528-017-0011-z INTRODUCTIONThe continuous improvement of materials and device architectures for organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells nowadays constantly enables power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond 10%.1, 2 While the PCEs of state-of-the-art organic solar cells are sufficient to meet the demands of some first applications and hence to foster market entry, the device stability often drags behind. The stability of organic solar cells is often limited by a metastable bulk-heterojunction morphology, the diffusion of electrode or buffer layer components into adjacent layers, material decomposition through oxygen and water ingress, irradiation, mechanical stress or heat.3-5 Yet, excellent thermal stability of the organic solar cells is a prerequisite for most future applications. Besides thermal stress when the solar cell is exposed to the sun, the devices may have to endure harsh conditions during fabrication, e.g., when manufacturing car roofs, tiles or façade elements, typically requiring lamination temperatures of 120°C for several hours. 6,7 Upon thermal stress, one of the major degradation mechanisms is the aggregation of fullerene acceptors, commonly [6,6]-phenyl C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) or [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM). 8,9 In the recent literature, several methods were discussed to hamper fullerene aggregation-for example sample irradiation during annealing, 10 structural modification of fullerenes 11 or replacing fullerenes with non-fullerene acceptors.12 Another promising concept to reduce degradation in fullerene-based solar cells is the use of third components which can improve the mechanical, photo, air and thermal stability of organic solar cells.13 Such third components can be crosslinkers, [14][15][16] In this work, we overcome the aggregation of the fullerene acceptor PC 61 BM during thermal annealing by employing ternary D-D-A blends comprisi...

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“…[65,66] Processing methods and conditions, e.g., vapor deposition or solution processing, influence materials properties and thus have to be taken into account when modeling the morphologies of organic semiconductors. [67,68] Small variations in the chemical structure of molecules [39] as well as the solvents used in solution processed thin films [69] can also alter the morphology of the material. [18] Various properties of these materials depend on the detailed morphology, which in turn varies with processing conditions and kinetics.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics

et al. 2019

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organic/inorganic perovskites solar cells [6] to printable electronic circuits based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). [7] While OLED displays outperform their inorganic counterparts in terms of energy efficiency, [8] scientific and technical challenges concerning the stability and processability of the organic materials used in large-area OLEDs and organic solar cells remain. New challenges arise from applications, such as displays on flexible substrates, OLED lightning, large area displays as well as for printable or solution processable larger area solar cells. [8] Many of the remaining challenges are material related, e.g., the low mobility of charge carriers in organic materials in general and in amorphous organic semiconductors in particular. There are other materials related issues, such as limited OLED life times due to unstable blue hosts and emitters, [9] low fill factors, and therefore reduced power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells, [10,11] low conductivity and high costs of organic charge transport layers of perovskite solar cells [6,12,13] and low conductivity and hard processability of crystalline OFET materials. [14] Conductivity and injection can be improved by doping the organic thin films with molecular dopants with high electron affinities (p-type) [15] or low ionization energies (n-type). [16] The doping mechanism of organic materials is in many cases not well understood, [17] making material and device optimization a costly experimental endeavor.The development of better materials is presently based on chemical insight, in part guided by theoretical understanding, or the experimental screening of large numbers of compounds. Given the size of the potentially available chemical space this remains a costly and time-consuming approach. Recent successes in experimental design of novel materials and concepts include the development of a stable strong molecular n-type dopant, [16] a study about the quantitative relation between interaction parameter, miscibility, and function of conjugated polymer donors and small-molecule acceptors for bulk heterojunctions as used in organic solar cells [18] the development of a universal strategy for ohmic hole injection into organic semiconductors with high ionization energies [19] and many others. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Another example is the development of strategies to harvest triplet excitons in organic light emitting diodes. For this purpose, novel classes of emitter molecules were developed, which include thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based molecules, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] rotationally accessed spin-state inversion, [33] and radical-based emitters. [34] Materials for organic electronics are presently used in prominent applications, such as displays in mobile devices, while being intensely researched for other purposes, such as organic photovoltaics, large-area devices, and thin-film transistors. Many of the challenges to improve and optimize these applications are material related and there is a nearly inf...

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Highly efficient polymer solar cells cast from non-halogenated xylene/anisaldehyde solution

Cited by 139 publications

References 37 publications

Breaking the 10% Efficiency Barrier in Organic Photovoltaics: Morphology and Device Optimization of Well‐Known PBDTTT Polymers

Breaking the 10% Efficiency Barrier in Organic Photovoltaics: Morphology and Device Optimization of Well‐Known PBDTTT Polymers

Enhanced thermal stability of organic solar cells comprising ternary D-D-A bulk-heterojunctions

Toward Design of Novel Materials for Organic Electronics

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