Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Processed Under Ambient Conditions Using In Situ Substrate‐Heating‐Assisted Deposition

Huang, Keqing; Li, Hengyue; Zhang, Chujun; Gao, Yaxin; Liu, Tianjiao; Zhang, Jian; Gao, Yongli; Peng, Yiming; Ding, Liming; Yang, Junliang

doi:10.1002/solr.201800318

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was found that the thickness of the PbI 2 film increased with higher temperature. Huang et al [199] used an in situ substrate-heating-assisted deposition method to fabricate PSCs under 40% RH. The substrates were maintained at constant temperature (from 20 to 80 °C) through in situ heating and further heating for 30 min in air.…”

Section: Substrate Preheatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Unlike fossil fuels, the sun is an inexhaustible energy source that delivers more energy to the earth in 1 h than the entire planet consumes in one year. Energy can be harvested from the sun using photovoltaics (PV) and stored (e.g., batteries), meaning solar energy can be used as and when required. [3,4] Currently, the commercial PV market is dominated by single-junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV which deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 26% under 1 Sun illumination (AM 1.5 standard). [5,6] Despite their high efficiencies, the fabrication of c-Si PV is nontrivial and lacks electronic tunability. Furthermore, the record efficiency for c-Si PV is 26.7% [5] which is very close to the theoretical limit of 29.4%. [7] This clearly indicates that c-Si PV is a mature technology and there is limited room for improvement. [8] Over the past two decades, third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, [9,10] quantum dot solar cells, [11,12] organic solar cells, [13,14] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [15,16] have been developed as alternatives to c-Si technologies. Of these third-generation solar cells, single-junction PSCs have generated significant attention due to their intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, [16-18] long diffusion lengths of the charge carriers, [19,20] high efficiency, [21,22] electronic and physical tunability, [23,24] and low manufacturing costs. [25,26] After the first report by Miyasaka's group in 2009, [27] the PCE for single junction devices increased considerably from 3.8% to 25.2%, [27,28] making it the fastest advancing PV technology to date. This has uniquely placed PSCs as the frontrunner technology to potentially replace or coexist with c-Si PV. The term "perovskite" refers to a group of compounds that share the same lattice structure as calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3). All PV perovskite materials have the general chemical formula ABX 3 , as illustrated in Figure 1a. Organic-Inorganic hybrid PSCs are typically made using an organic/ inorganic cation (A = methylammonium (MA) CH 3 NH 3 + , formamidinium (FA) CH 3 (NH 2) 2 + , or cesium), a divalent cation (B = Pb 2+ or Sn 2+) , [29] and an anion (X = Cl − , Br − , or I −), illustrated in Figure 1b. [16,30] A is surrounded by eight lead halide octahedra (B in the center of octahedra) and forms a cubic perovskite structure. When the size of A or/and X is changed, the structure of perovskite will distort. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) [31] of perovskite is an empirical index for Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge tech...

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Section: Substrate Preheatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[202][203][204][205] Also, with slot-die coating, films with different thicknesses Reproduced with permission. [199] Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH GmbH. h) The top-view SEM image of a perovskite film fabricated under 50% without preheating method.…”

Section: Slot-die Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…Metal halide perovskites have inspired a new wave of research and shown great potential in optoelectronic device applications due to their unique optical and electrical properties . The certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has already reached 24.2% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chlorination of ZnO for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Defect states on the zinc oxide (ZnO) surface cause severe interfacial charge recombination and perovskite decomposition during device operation, which inevitably leads to efficiency loss and poor device stability, making the usage of ZnO in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) problematic. Herein, a simple and effective method of inorganic chlorination treatment is used to passivate the surface defects of the ZnO electron transport layer. It is shown that chlorine (Cl) effectively fills the oxygen vacancy defects of ZnO, suppressing charge recombination and facilitating charge transport at the perovskite/ZnO interface. Therefore, the resulting CH3NH3PbI3‐based device achieves an enhanced power conversion efficiency with suppressed hysteresis. Meanwhile, the chlorination of the ZnO surface protects the perovskite layer from decomposition, thus improving device stability. Herein, an ingenious method is developed to further improve the device performance of ZnO‐based PSCs and useful guidance is provided for the development of other perovskite optoelectronics, especially those with ZnO as the charge transport layer.

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] Their use raises concerns not only in relation to their health hazard, but also owing to the related difficulty in obtaining uniform lms under humid air conditions. [15][16][17] Uniform perovskite deposition in the ambient atmosphere can be pursued by exploiting hydrophobic compounds or inducing an increased nucleation rate, to hamper the rearrangement of precursors and their interaction with moisture and water. 18 A clear example is the rapid recrystallization that follows a methylamine (MA) gas induced solvation of methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 ), which has been demonstrated to be effective for healing defective perovskite lms in air, deposited by conventional routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%