Highly efficient p-i-n perovskite solar cells that endure temperature variations

Abstract

Daily temperature variations induce phase transitions and lattice strains in halide perovskites, challenging their stability in solar cells. We stabilized the perovskite black phase and improved solar cell performance using the ordered dipolar structure of β-poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) to control perovskite film crystallization and energy alignment. We demonstrated p-i-n perovskite solar cells with a record power conversion efficiency of 24.6% over 18 square millimeters and 23.1% over 1 square centimeter, which retained 96 and 88% of the efficiency after 1000 hours of 1-sun maximum power point tracking at 25° and 75°C, respectively. Devices under rapid thermal cycling between −60° and +80°C showed no sign of fatigue, demonstrating the impact of the ordered dipolar structure on the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.

Synergistic Strategy Using Doping and Polymeric Coating Enables High-Performance High-Nickel Layered Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Human energy consumption is rising annually as industrialization picks up speed, and the energy crisis has increasingly become the major obstacle restricting countries worldwide from achieving technological breakthroughs. − Due to the sustainability of energy transmission and distribution, electrical energy storage (EES) has gained recognition as a technology that can successfully address these challenges. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are being developed increasingly in the direction of high-performance battery systems with high specific energy, high power density, high safety, and long cycle life as an emerging high-efficiency and clean energy storage device. − The cathode material, which is a crucial component of LIBs, is what primarily determines the electrochemical performance of LIBs, including energy density, cycling stability, and preparation cost.…”

Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Stability is the most pressing challenge in multijunction photovoltaics and many other possible applications for halide perovskites . The most stable perovskite formulations demonstrated to date are made of lead more than 30% in weight.…”

“…Stability is the most pressing challenge in multijunction photovoltaics and many other possible applications for halide perovskites. 4 The most stable perovskite formulations demonstrated to date are made of lead more than 30% in weight. But the use of lead can drive researchers away from investments in perovskite-based technologies because of apprehensions about lead toxicity.…”

Interfacial Topochemical Fluoridation of MAPbI3 by Fluoropolymers

“…Fluoropolymers (a different potential source of fluoride, as we show below) have previously been incorporated into perovskite devices as barrier materials in the form of encapsulants, transport layers, , and most notably as composites − with the perovskite absorber layer. Several studies also indicate that even when incorporated as composites, a significant volume of the fluoropolymer is expelled from the composite layer to form a superficial interlayer. , Such composites have been shown to improve film crystallization kinetics , and help to passivate perovskite grains through polar interactions with the C–F groups. ,, In those studies, incorporation of fluoropolymers demonstrated promising results for perovskite function and stability and the fluoropolymer-perovskite interface was reasonably presumed to be inert; nonetheless, significant functionally relevant interfacial reactions are revealed in this work.…”

“…38,39 Such composites have been shown to improve film crystallization kinetics 32,38 and help to passivate perovskite grains through polar interactions with the C−F groups. 35,37,38 In those studies, incorporation of fluoropolymers demonstrated promising results for perovskite function and stability and the fluoropolymer-perovskite interface was reasonably presumed to be inert; nonetheless, significant functionally relevant interfacial reactions are revealed in this work.…”